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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Amantadine (target organism, example, action)
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Antiviral. Influenza A, inhibits uncoating of the virus
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Enfuvirtide
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Antiviral. HIV. Blocks gp41 binding
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Acyclovir
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Antiviral, HSV1,2,VZV, causes chain termination - inhibit DNA pol
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Gancylcovir
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Antiviral, CMV, Gunaosine analogue, inhibits DNA pol
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Iododeoxyuridine
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Antiviral, HSV, Iodine instead of Thymidine, faulty DNA
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Foscarnet
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Antiviral, HSV,CMV. Inhibits DNA pol by preventing removal of phosphates from dNTPs
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AZT
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Antiviral, HIV, Nucleoside analogue that inhibits RT
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Dideoxyinosine
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Antiviral, HIV, Nucleoside analogue - causes chain termination
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Abacavir
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Antiviral, HIV, Guanosine analogue - chain termination
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Nevirapine/Delavirdine
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Antiviral, HIV, inhibit RT by a conformational change
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Indinavir, Saquinavir
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Antiviral, HIV, protease inhibitors, so no cleavage of gag,pol,env
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Fomivirsen
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Antiviral, CMV, Anti-sense DNA - blocks viral mRNA from being translated
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Zanamivir
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Antiviral, Influenza, inhibits Neuraminidase thus inhibits virions release from cells
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Penicillin
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Antibacterial. Strep pyogenes. Inhibits Transpeptidase and thus synthesis of peptidoglycans
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Ampicillin
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Antibacterial. Peniciilin with an amino group. Are not hydrolized by stomach acid, can be taken orally and have a wider Gram- range (Pseudomonas)
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Methicillin
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Antibacterial. Penicillin with large aromatic ring -- cannot be cleaved by Beta-Lactmases
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Augmentin
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Antibacterial. Amoxicillin+Calvulanic acid (Beta-lactamases inhibitor)
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Cephalosporins
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Beta-lactam drugs. Action is same as penicillins -- inhibits cross linking of Peptidoglycans. Advantage - less hypersentivity reactions and have a broader range
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Carbapenems
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Antibacterial. Beta-lactams with differenet stucture. Imipenem has the widest spectrum. Examples : Strep, Neisseria, Hemophilus. Not inactivated by beta-lactamases
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Monobactams
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Antibacterial. Beta-lactam, active mainly against Gram- (Pseudomonas, enterobacteriace). Resistant to most Beta-lactamases
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Vancomycin
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Antibacterial. Inhibits cell wall synthesis by blocking transpeptidation by binding directly to D-Ala-D-Ala. Effective against Gram+. Examples : staph aureus, staph epidermidis. Is not inhibited by Beta - lactamases
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Cycloserine
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Antibacterial. Structural analogue of D-ala that inhibits synthesis of cell wall
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Caspofungin
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Antifungal. Inhibits synthesis of B-glucan, part of the cell wall of fungi. Candida, Aspergillus
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Aminoglycosides. Also - toxicity
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Antibacterial. Inhibit 30S rRNA and thus inhibit protein synthesis. Against Gram- rods. Nephrotoxic and Ototoxic. Streptomycin, Gentamicin...
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Tetracyclins. What is its selectivity based on ?
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antibacterial. Block 30S by blocking tRNA from entering the ribosome. Selectivity based on greater uptake into bacterial cells. Doxycycline. Rickettsia, Chlamydiae..
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Chloramphenicol
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Antibacterial. Bactericidal against the 3 encapsulated pyognes (Strep pneumonia, neisseria menigitidis, hemophilus influenza). Blocks peptidyltransferase in the 50S (may inhibit some mitochondrial protein synthesis)
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Erythromycin
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Antibacterial. Macrolide. Binds 50S and prevents release of uncharged tRNA. Examples - Legionella, Mycoplasma
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Clindamycin. Important side effect.
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Antibacterial. Binds to 50S. Bacteriostatic against gram+ and gram- anaerobes. Side effect - Clostridium difficile overgrowth ->psedumembranous colitis
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Linezolid
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Antibacterial. Useful in VISA. Binds 23S rRNA in the 50S
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Sulfonamides
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Antibacterial. PABA analogues, block synthesis of THF (humans do not use PABA precursors of THF). E.coli, strep pneumonia
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Trimethoprim
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Antibacterial. Inhibits production of THF by inhibiting Dihydrofolate reductase. Trimethoprim togehter with Sulfamethoxazole are used in UTIs, pneumocystis pneumonia
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Quinolones
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Antibacterial. Bactericidal - block DNA topoisomerase and thus block DNA synthesis. Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin) are useful against a broad spectrum
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Flucytosine
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Antifungal. Nucleoside analogue that inhibits dNA synthesis. Disseminated cryptococcal or candidal infections
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Rifampin
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Antibacterial. Blocks mRNA synthesis by bacterial RNA pol. TB, prophylaxis for Neisseria Meningtidis
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Polymyxins
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Antibacterial. Works by disrupting bacterial cell membrane. Gram- rods
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Amphotericin B. Toxicity ?
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Antifungal. Binds ergosterol and distrupts fungal membranes. Nephrotoxic. Works in disseminated fungal diseases
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Nystatin
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Antifungal. Only for candida
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Azoles
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Antifungal. Inhibit ergosterol synthesis. Fluconazole, Itraconazole...used in systemic fungal infections
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Isoniazid (INH)
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Antibacterial. Against mycobacteria- inhibits mycolic acid synthesis. Penetrates cell wall therefore is effective against bacteria within mac's.
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Metronidazole
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Antibacterial + Antiprotozoal. Works against anaerobic bacteria and Giardia and Trichomonas potozoa. Damages DNA and inhibts DNA synthesis
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Ethambutol
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Antibacterial. Bacteriostatic against mycobacteria. Inhibits synthesis of ARabinogalactan which links mycolic acids and the peptidoglycan
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Pyrazinamide
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Antibacterial. Used in TB - inhibits fatty acid synthetase, thus inhibiting mycolic acids
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Griseofulvin
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Antifungal. Binds to microtubules and prevents mitotic spindle formation. Hair/nail infections
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