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102 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the borders of the temporal fossa?
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the temporal lines - swinging around from the zygomatic arch, swing around in a circle to the frontal process of the zygomatic bone (behind ear).
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What are the contents of the temporal fossa?
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Temporalis muscle and its neurovascular bundle.
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What comprises the neurovascular bundle of the temporalis muscle?
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-Mandibular branch of CN V
-Superficial temporal artery |
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What are the borders of the infratemporal fossa?
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Lateral: medial edge of mandible ramus
Medial: Pharynx (soft tissue) Superior: Skull base Inferior: not distinct - blends into submandibular region. |
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What are the 4 contents of the infratemporal fossa?
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1. TMJ
2. Muscles of mastication 3. Maxillary artery/branches 4. Mandibular branch of V3 |
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What bones are involved in the TMJ?
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-Condyle of the mandible
-Mandibular fossa of temporal bone |
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What covers the surfaces of the bones in the TMJ?
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Articular cartilage
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What resides inside the TMJ joint?
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A capsule; divies the joint into superior/inferior synovial cavities.
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What type of a joint is the TMJ?
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Diarthrosis
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What is a diarthrotic joint?
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A Freely moving one.
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What specific type of diarthrodial joint is the TMJ?
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Ginglymoarthrodial
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What does ginglymoarthrodial mean?
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Ginglymo = hinge
Arthrodial = glide |
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Which compartments of the TMJ achieve the motions of:
-Hinge -Glide |
Hinge = lower compartment
Glide = upper (angels glide high in the sky) |
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what is the purpose of the articular tubercle just in front of the TMJ?
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To prevent anterior dislocation and bear the pressure from the joint.
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How many ligaments are there in the TMJ?
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3
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What is the most lateral ligament in TMJ?
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The lateral ligament (temporomandibular)
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What does the lateral ligament connect exactly, and what is its function?
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-Connects zygomatic arch to condyle neck.
-Restricts lateral deviation and retraction of the mandible. |
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What are the 2 medial ligaments?
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-Sphenomandibular
-Stylomandibular |
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What exactly does the Sphenomandibular ligament connect?
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Spine of the sphenoid to the Lingula
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what is the lingula?
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Bony projection on medial side of ramus; covers the mandibular foramen. Houses the neurovasc bundle.
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What is the function of the sphenomandibular ligament?
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Restricts excessive depression (opening) of the jaw.
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What does the stylomandibular ligament connect?
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Styloid process on sphenoid, to the angle of the mandible.
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What is the function of the stylomandibular ligament?
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To resist excessive protrusion of the jaw.
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How does the articular disc behave during TMJ motion?
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-At rest, the disc is between articular surfaces.
-To slightly open, the disc slides down the anterior slope. |
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What action predominates in a
-Slightly open jaw -Fully open jaw |
Slight = hinge
Fully = hinge + gliding |
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What are 4 problems that can casue problems w/ the TMJ?
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-Dental procedures that change the occlusion
-Arthritis of synovial joint -Anterior dislocation -Double-headed condyle |
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In what direction is the TMJ most commonly dislocated?
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anteriorly
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What is a usual cause of TMJ dislocation?
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Trauma - does not tear the ligament though.
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What are the true muscles of mastication?
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Medial Pterygoid
Lateral Pterygoid Temporalis muscle Masseter |
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Medial Pterygoid:
-Origin -Insertion -Action -Fiber orientation |
Origin: medial side of lateral pterygoid plate
Insertion: medial aspect of mandible angle Action: mandible elevation Fibers: run superior-inferior |
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Lateral pterygoid:
-Origin(s) -Insertion |
Superior head Origin: greater wing of sphenoid
Inferior head origin: lateral side, lateral pterygoid plate. |
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What direction do the lateral pterygoid muscle fibers run?
Where do they insert? |
anterior to posterior;
-Insertions: condylar neck of mandible and TMJ disc |
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What are 2 forms of contracting the lateral pterygoid muscle?
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-Bilateral (both)
-Unilateral (one at a time) |
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What happens when lateral pterygoid muscles both contract?
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Depression and protrusion of the mandible.
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What happens when lateral pterygoids contract unilaterally?
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Lateral deviation of the mandible to the contralateral side.
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What function are the lat pterygoids crucial for?
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Crushing/grinding food.
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Where does temporalis muscle originate/insert?
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Origin: temporal fossa
Insert: coronoid process of mandible. |
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In what 2 directions do temporalis fibers run, and what action does each do?
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Anterior set: runs sup/inf and elevates jaw.
Posterior set: runs ant/post and retracts jaw. |
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Where does the Masseter originate from and insert?
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Origin: Zygomatic bone/arch
Insertion: lateral aspect of mandibular angle |
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What is the masseter's action?
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elevates the mandible
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What is the 'NONtrue' muscle of mastication? What is it?
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Buccinator - an accessory muscle that is classified as a muscle of facial expression.
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What does the buccinator do in chewing?
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Holds food between the molars.
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What nerve is damaged if you can't keep food between your molars? What condition is this?
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Facial nerve - CN VII
Bell's palsy |
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What are all the true muscles of mastication innervaetd by?
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Cranial nerve V3
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What major artery is in the infratemporal fossa?
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the Maxillary artery
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How much of opening the jaw do the lateral pterygoids accomplish?
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Only the beginning of opening; completed by suprahyoids (mylohyoid, digastric, geniohyoid)
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What are the 2 terminal branches of the external carotid artery?
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-Superficial temporal
-Maxillary |
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What's more important in the infratemporal fossa?
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Maxillary
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Into what 3 sections is the maxillary artery divided?
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1. Mandibular
2. Muscular 3. Pterygopalatine |
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What 3 branches come from the Mandibular branch of the maxillary artery?
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1. Deep auricular
2. Middle meningeal 3. Inferior Alveolar |
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What 3 structures does the deep auricular artery supply?
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-TMJ
-Tympanic membrane -External auditory meatus |
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What does the middle meningeal artery supply, and how does it get there?
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Dura mater - runs through Foramen spinosum.
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What does the inferior alveolar artery supply?
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-Mandible
-Lower teeth |
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How does the inferior alveolar artery get to the mandible?
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By running with the alveolar nerve; it exits the mental foramen to become the mental artery.
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What are the 4 arteries of the muscular part of the maxillary artery?
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1. Masseteric
2. Deep temporal aa (Ant/post) 3. Pterygoid arteries 4. Buccal |
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What important nerve is found in the infratemporal fossa?
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The Mandibular branch of the Trigeminal nerve
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Where does the mandibular V3 exit the skull?
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Through foramen ovale
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What are the 3 main regions of V3 mandibular nerve?
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1. Main trunk
2. Anterior division 3. Posterior division |
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What angle are the branches of the Main trunk best seen from?
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Medial
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What are the 3 branches of the main trunk of V3 mandibular?
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-Meningeal
-Tensor veli palatini -Tensor tympani |
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Where does the mandibular nerve exit the skull thruogh?
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Foramen ovale
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Where is the trigeminal ganglion located?
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Right behind the pterygoid plate's foramen ovale.
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Where are the main trunk branches given off?
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-Tensor veli palatini and Tensor tympani right before going through foramen ovale
-Meningeal branch is given off right after exiting ovale. |
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What kind of nerves are the 3 branches of the main trunk?
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Meningeal nerve = sensory
Tensor veli palatini = motor Tensor tympani = motor |
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What does the meningeal nerve pass through to get to the dura?
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Foramen spinosum
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Which nerve can sometimes be a branch of the anterior division, and sometimes of the main trunk?
What kind of branch is it? |
Medial pterygoid nerve; motor
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In general terms what does the anterior division of V3 innervate?
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-Muscles of true mastication
-Sensory via the buccal nerve |
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What are branches of the anterior division of V3?
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-Temporal
-Lateral pterygoid -Masseteric -Buccal |
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What does the buccal branch of V3 provide sensory info from?
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-Buccal mucosa
-Buccal gingiva -Skin over cheek |
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What is the buccal branch of V3 often confused with, and how do you differentiate them?
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Buccal branch of CN VII (facial)
Facial buccal branch = MOTOR Mandib buccal branch = SENSORY |
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What are the 3 terminal branches of the Posterior division of V3?
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-Auriculotemporal
-Lingual -Inferior alveolar |
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What kind of nerves are the posterior division branches?
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-Auriculotemporal = sensory
-Lingual = sensory -Inferior alveolar = mixed sensory AND motor |
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What does the auriculotemporal nerve recieve sensory info from?
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-Auricle skin
-Temporal region -External auditory meatus skin -TMJ |
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What parasympathetic fibers are carried by the auriculotemporal nerve?
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Postganglionic parasymp fibers from otic ganglion -> parotid gland
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How do the preganglionic fibers get to the otic ganglion?
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With the glossopharyngeal nerve, CN IX.
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What does the lingual nerve deal with?
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Sensory innervation
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Where does the lingual nerve recieve sensory info from?
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Anterior 2/3 of the tongue
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What TYPE of sensory info does the lingual nerve obtain frmo the tongue's anterior 2/3?
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-General sensory
-Special sensory |
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How does the Lingual nerve, a branch of V3, have taste fibers associated with it?
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Because the Chorda Tympani nerve passes them along as it exits the tympanic cavity.
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What else does the V3 Lingual nerve recieve from CN VII via the chorda tympani?
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Preganglionic parasymp fibers going to the submandibular ganglion; then postganglionics go to submandib/sublingual glands.
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What type of info does the inferior alveolar nerve carry?
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Both motor and sensory
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Where does the inferior alveolar nerve recieve sensory info from?
Then what happens to it? |
The lower teeth; then terminates as mental nerve; sensory from skin of chin and lower lip.
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What is the motor branch of the inferior alveolar nerve called, and what does it innervate?
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Mylohyoid nerve:
-Mylohyoid -Anterior digastric muscles |
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So the inferior alveolar nerve terminates in what 2 nerves?
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-Mental
-Mylohyoid |
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What will a tumor in the pterygopalatine fossa compress?
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The maxillary nerve and artery
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What are the borders of the pterygopalatine fossa?
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Anterior: infratemporal surface of maxilla
Posterior: Pterygoid process of sphenoid Medial: Vertical plate of palatine bone Superior (roof): body of the sphenoid Lateral: there isn't really one; just the pterygomaxillary fissure staring back at ya |
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How many openings are in the Pterygopalatine fossa?
What are they? |
7: PIFPPSP
-Pterygomaxillary fissure -Inferior orbital fissure -Foramen rotundum -Pterygoid canal -Pharyngeal canal -Sphenopalatine foramen -Pterygopalatine canal |
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What passes through foramen rotundum and where is it wihtin the pterygopalatine fossa?
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-Transmits CN V2 (maxillary)
-Most lateral hole on roof |
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What passes through the pterygoid canal and where is it wihtin the pterygopalatine fossa?
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Transmits 3 things: CN VIII, nerve of pterygoid canal, and artery of pterygoid canal.
-middle opening on the roof. |
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What passes through the pharyngeal canal and where is it wihtin the pterygopalatine fossa?
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-Transmits pharyngeal branch of maxillary artery and pharyngeal nerve.
-Most medial opening in roof. |
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What passes through the sphenopalatine foramen and where is it wihtin the pterygopalatine fossa?
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-Transmits sphenopalatine artery and posterior superior nasal nerve
-On medial wall, leads to nasal cavity |
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What is the sphenopalatine artery?
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The termination of the maxillary artery.
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Where is the pterygopalatine canal and what does it lead to?
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At the apex of the pyramid; leads to the palate.
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What does the pterygopalatine fossa contain?
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-Maxillary nerve (V2)
-Maxillary artery |
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What nerve carries preganglionic sympathetic fibers into the pterygopalatine fossa? Through what hole? From where?
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Nerve of the pterygoid canal, from the nervous intermedius associated w/ CN VII
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What happens to the preganglionic parasymp fibers from the nerve of the pterygoid canal?
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They synapse at the pterygopalatine ganglion
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Where do postsynaptic parasymp fibers go after synapsing at the pterygopalatine ganglion? (2 places)
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-Via the Zygomatic nerve to nasal cavity glands
-Via the lacrimal nerve to the lacrimal gland. |
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What nerves are the Zygomatic and Lacrimal nerves branches of?
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Zygomatic = V2 branch
Lacrimal = V1 branch (opthalmic) |
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What artery is contained in the pterygopalatine fossa?
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The 3rd part of the maxillary artery - pterygopalatine part.
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What do the pterygopalatine branches of the maxillary artery supply?
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-Palate
-Upper jaw -Pharynx -Nasal cavity |
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What 2 vessels does the maxillary artery terminate in?
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-Sphenopalatine arteries - going into the nasal septa
-Descending palatine artery in the pterygopalatine fossa |
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What does the descending palatine artery in the pterygopalatine fossa give off?
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The greater/lesser palatine arteries, which pass through greater/lesser palatine foramen at the back of the palate.
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