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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the dorsal surface of the foot |
where your shoelaces are |
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define the ankle mortise |
ankle joint tibia and fibula into ankle talocrural joint (ankle joint) |
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what are the bones of the foot |
7 tarsal 5 metatarsal 14 phalanges transverse tarsal joint, tarsal-metatarsal joint calcaneus-- heel bone (sustentaculum tali-- bump holds talus), sulcus between them talus on top (subtalar joint) (trochlea articulates with tibia) (head, neck and body) navicular (ship, in front of talus) cuneiforms (3 lateral [center of foot], 2 intermediate, 1 medial) in front of navicular cuboid is lateral to navicular and cuneiform 5 metatarsals (1 is medial, 5 is lateral. 2 is longest) 14 phalanges (3 on every toe, 2 on big toe) proximal middle and distal |
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describe the spring ligament |
sustains arch of foot along with natural shape of bones plantar aponeurosis also helps |
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describe the action of the talocrural joint |
dorsiflexion plantarflexin |
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describe the action of the subtalar joint |
inversion (more- fibula lower) eversion |
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describe the fascia coverings of the ankle |
flexor retinaculum covers medial ankle (tom dick harry-- tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum and flexor hallucis longus) extensor retinaculum (sup/inf) covers anterior ankle fibular retinaculum (sup/inf) covers lateral ankle |
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what are the intrinsic muscles of the dorsal foot |
extensor hallucis brevis (calcaneous to extensor hallucis longus tendon) extensor digitorum brevis (calcaneous to extensor digitorum longus tendons) hard to distinguish these muscles |
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what is the fascia on the plantar foot |
plantar fascia plantar aponeurosis (thickening) tightening when toes are flexed-- maintains arch |
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describe the muscles in the first layer of the plantar foot |
AFA abductor digiti minimi flexor digitorum brevis (flexes toes, off calcaneous to 4 toes) abductor hallucis |
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describe the muscles of the second layer of the plantar foot |
lumbricals (worm) (from flexor digitorum longus to extensor digitorum longus quadratus plantae (heel to flexor digitorum longus tendon) porta pedis |
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describe the muscles of the third layer of the plantar foot |
FAF flexor digiti minimi- flexor of outside toe adductor hallucis- transverse and oblique to 2nd toe flexor hallucis brevis- flexor of big toe |
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describe the muscles of the fourth layer of the plantar foot |
dorsal DAB abduction plantar PAD adduction none on 2nd toe (gets two from abduction) |
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describe the nerves of the plantar foot |
second layer tibial nerve medial plantar-- first lumbrical, flexor hallucis brevis, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor hallucis lateral plantar-- everything else common and then proper |
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describe the nerves of the posterior leg |
posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh saphenous nerve (medial) sural nerve (calf) |
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describe the nerves of the dorsal foot |
deep fibular nerve-- between 1st and 2nd toe superficial fibular nerve-- everything else |
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describe the blood supply to the dorsal foot |
anterior tibial to
dorsalis pedis to deep plantar AND lateral tarsal branch, arcuate (arch) dorsal metatarsal and dorsal digital perforating to plantar surface |
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describe the blood supply to the plantar foot |
posterior tibial artery to medial plantar AND lateral plantar-- plantar arch to deep plantar from dorsal |
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describe venous drainage |
great saphenous vein to femoral small saphenous vein to popliteal vein |
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describe valgus |
increased inside angle knees, ankles, toes (bunions) |
