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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why would a high-protein diet be Illin vies for the patient and his laboratory report indicates a pathological detoxifier pattern? |
It would exacerbate the effects of low fees to detoxification capacity |
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How does the stimulation of hepatic cytochrome P4 50 activity by compounds and cigarette smoke illustrate the hormesis model of toxic and affects |
Very low-dose is of a toxic compound can have favorable affects |
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Ammonia detoxification is not described by phase 1 and phase 2 reactions because |
It does not require oxidation and conjugation for clearance |
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Which type of Organo talks in his famous for originating from soft plastic products? |
Phthalates |
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Which of the following toxicants is considered to be iatrogenic? |
Acetaminophen |
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How does dietary fiber help control total estrogen exposure in pre-menopausal women? |
Reduction of Intero hepatic estrogen circulation |
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Why is oral challenging with DMSA used prior to toxic element testing of urine? |
To demonstrate metallothionein loading status |
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What is the most common reason for finding elevated benzoic acid in urine? |
Hepatic glycine conjugation capacity has been exceeded |
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What urinary porphyrin becomes uniquely elevated in urine due to mercury toxicity? |
Pre-coproporphyrin |
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What are Urinary products of glutathione conjugation called? |
Mercaptans |
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Which of the following agents asked to protect enzymes inside of the mitochondria from oxidative damage? Manganese super oxide dismutase catalase zinc – copper super oxide dismutase ceruloplasmin |
Manganese super oxide dismutase |
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What amino acid is unusually high inside erythrocytes to afford oxidative stress protection? |
Taurine |
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Which vitamin sits near the center of the cellular redox potential spectrum? |
Vitamin C |
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Accumulation of which compound tend to produce reductive stress? |
NADH |
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Which compound is sometimes used as a biomarker of total body protein oxidative damage? |
Nitrotyrosine |
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Match the laboratory markers with their category of oxidative stress damage: Isoprostanes, methionine sulfoxide, 8-hydroxy2’-deoxyguanosine, 3-nitrotyrosine Lipid damage, protein damage, or DNA damage |
Isoprostanes- Lipid damage methionine sulfoxide- protein damage 8-hydroxy2’-deoxyguanosine- DNA damage 3-nitrotyrosine- Protein damage |
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In a patient with multiple signs of oxidative stress, physiological forms of which two micro nutrients are needed because they act in tandem directly upon glutathione to achieve the recycling of the oxidized to the reduced form? |
Lipoate and nicotinamide |
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What factor released during sleep and strong protection against oxidative stress? |
Melatonin |
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What antioxidant is specifically indicated to be under stress, leading to reduce antioxidant stress response capacity when a patient is found to have elevated Pyroglutamate and Alpha hydroxybutyrate? |
Glutathione |
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Which three trace elements are required for the action of superoxide dismutase Enzymes? |
Copper zinc and manganese |
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Production of which cell regulator is directly affected by deficiency of iodine? |
Tyrosine |
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Production of which cell regulator is directly affected by deficiency of tryptophan? |
Serotonin |
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Production of which cell regulator is directly affected by deficiency of arginine? |
Nitric oxide |
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Production of which Sell regulator is directly affected by excessive consumption of broccoli? |
Thyroxine |
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Which of the following is a hormone that is not derived from cholesterol? Testosterone, cortisol, estrone, norepinephrine |
Norepinephrine |
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Which of the following test results is a marker for chronic stress response? High thyroxine, low insulin, low SIGA, or high estradiol? |
Low SIGA |
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What hormonal abnormality would be suspected in a patient with elevated serum triglycerides, elevated serum LDL cholesterol, obesity and non-alcoholic liver disease? |
Hyperinsulinemia |
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Which of the following is used to assess risk of cancer from poor regulation of estrogen metabolism? Pregnenalone/testosterone ratio Estrone/estriol ratio Estradiol/estriol ratio 2/16 hydroxyestrogen ratio |
2/16 hydroxyestrogen ratio |
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Cytokines signaling pathways frequently use which type of chemical reaction to transmit and amplify signals? |
Phosphorylation |
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The AKT signaling pathway is involved in the initiation of which cellular process? |
APoptosis |
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What kind of clinically relevant information is found at the website named OMMBID? |
Metabolic defects are described for inherited diseases |
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What advantage may be derived from the use of a patient’s genomics data when choosing drug therapies? |
Dosages may be adjusted according to SNP’s that affect their metabolism |
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The designation A856G conveys what information? |
At bass position 856 in the related gene there is a single nucleotide polymorphism due to replacement of adenosine by guanosine |
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Which steps in gene expression can be altered by environmental factors? |
RN a translation, DNA transcription, Post translational protein alterations |
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The patient is found to be homozygous for SNP that causes Lowered activity of the enzyme required for conversion of dopamine to epinephrine, what laboratory report abnormality would show metabolic confirmation of the effect? |
Low urinary vanilmandelic acid |
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Which response describes the level at which microRNAs act to affect processes like the uptake of micronutrients such as iron? Alteration of gene expression rates shifting gene products due to the presence of SNP’s preventing the formation of ribosomal RNA changing protein structures by modifying amino acid side chains |
Alteration of gene expression rates |
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How is an enzyme activity altered by the presence of a homozygous SNP in the genes that express that enzyme? |
The rate of the catalyzed reaction is decreased, there is no change in the rate of the catalyzed reaction, the rate of the catalyzed reaction is increased. Any of the above three responses may apply |
