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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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define the borders of the anterior triangle of the neck |
anterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle inferior margin of mandible midline of neck |
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describe the subdivisions of the anterior triangle |
carotid triangle (carotid sheath, ansa cervicalis, cranial nerves) muscular triangle (infrahyoid m, viscera, recurrent laryngeal n) submental triangle (some m of floor of mouth) submandibular triangle (submand. glands, m of floor of mouth) |
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what are some important landmarks in cross sectional neck anatomy |
hyoid bone (C3) thyrohyoid membrane (C4) thyroid cartilage (C5 and 6) cricothyroid membrane (C6) cricoid cartilage (C6 and 7) thyroid isthmus (2nd and 3rd tracheal rings) |
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what are the fascial layers of the neck |
investing layer/deep cervical fascia (trapezius and SCM m, ligamentum nuchae attach at back) pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia (surround infrahyoid strap m) pretracheal fascia (trachea, pharynx, esophagus, thyroid, recurrent laryngeal n)-- buccopharyngeal separates viscera from vertebrae prevertebral fascia (vertebrae, muscles) carotid sheath (common carotid, int. jugular and vagus n) |
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what are the compartments and important spaces of the neck |
vascular compartment musculofascial collar visceral compartment vertebral compartment pretracheal space retropharyngeal space (danger- mouth to mediastinum) |
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describe the hyoid bone |
greater and lesser cornea (horn) and body no bony articulations muscle and soft tissue attachments suprahyoid muscles, infrahyoid muscles larynx pharynx skull (stylohyoid ligament) |
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what are the muscles of the anterior triangle of the neck |
suprahyoids: digastric (2 bellies) stylohyoid mylohyoid geniohyoid infrahyoids: (strap) sternohyoid omohyoid (2 bellies) thyrohyoid sternothyroid (no attachment to hyoid) |
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describe the digastric muscle |
2 bellies, 2 innervations digastric fossa to digastric groove and hyoid body via tendon sling anterior belly: CN V3, raise hyoid, lower mandible posterior belly: CN VII, pull hyoid up and back |
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describe the stylohyoid muscle |
styloid process base to tendon sling of digastric at hyoid CN VII, pulls hyoid posterosuperiorly |
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describe the mylohyoid muscle |
mylohyoid line to body of hyloid CN V3, support, elevate floor of mouth, elevate hyoid |
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describe the geniohyoid muscle |
inferior mental spines to anterior body of hyoid C1 (with CN XII) fixed mandible: elevate and protract hyoid fixed hyoid: depress and retract mandible |
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describe the omohyoid muscle |
2 bellies superior border of scapula to inferior hyoid (fascial sling at intermediate tendon attached to clavicle) ansa cervicalis (C1-C3) depresses and fixes hyoid |
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describe the sternohyoid muscle |
sternoclavicular joint to inferior body of hyoid
ansa cervicalis (C1-C3) depresses hyoid after swallowing |
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describe the thyrohyoid muscle |
oblique line thyroid cartilage to inferior body of hyoid C1 (with CN XII) fixed larynx: depresses hyoid fixed hyoid: elevates larynx |
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describe the sternothyroid muscle |
manubrium to oblique line thyroid cartilage ansa cervicalis (C1-C3) depresses larynx |
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describe the ansa cervicalis |
C1,2,3 frequently cut lost function= swallowing, can be replaced with other nerves/muscles |
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describe the innervation of the anterior triangle of the neck |
muscular: ansa cervicalis (infrahyoid) phrenic (diaphragm) deep motor branch to prevertebral and lateral vertebral muscles cutaneous: lesser occipital n great auricular n transverse cervical n supraclavicular n |
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describe the cranial nerves in the anterior triangle of the neck |
nothing superior to digastric CN XII Hypoglossal, need tongue control superficial to int/ext carotid arteries, deep to vein, deep to digastric m CN X Vagus, need innervation to everything, voicebox, run with internal jugular and common carotid CN XI Accessory, SCM and trapezius (lifting arm), lateral to int. jugular vein, deep to digastric |
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describe the common carotid arteries |
common carotids bifurcation (no branches before) internal- no branches before skull sinus: dilation at bifurcation (baroreception CNIX) body: receptors at bifurcation (chemoreception, O2 content CNIX &X) |
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describe the branches of the external carotid artery |
Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Medical Students superior thyroid ascending pharyngeal lingual facial occipital posterior auricular maxillary superficial temporal |
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describe the vasculature of the thyroid |
2 arteries:
superior thyroid off external carotid inferior thyroid off thyrocervical trunk off subclavian 3 veins: superior thyroid vein to internal jugular inferior thyroid vein to subclavean vein middle thyroid vein to internal jugular |
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describe the lymphatics of the head and neck |
occipital retroauricular parotid buccal submental submandibular deep cervical superficial cervical juguloomohyoid |
