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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the location of the liver (in terms of abdominal partitions)?
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right hypochondrium, epigastrium, into left hypochondrium
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Where does the liver lie in relation to the nipples?
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just below nipple on R and about fingerbreadth below L
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A penetrating wound to the liver can also penetrate what other structure? How can this be avoided on liver biopsy?
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pleura
to avoid have patient breathe out fully (reduces costodiaphgramatic recess) and hold breath (no movement-related laceration of liver from biopsy needle) if performed at 7th or 8th space patient requires monitoring in case of tension pneumothorax/haemothorax |
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Where do the diaphragmatic and visceral surfaces of liver meet?
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anteriorly at a sharp inferior border (only palpable with deep inspiration or liver enlargement with emphysematous patient (diaphragm has lower resting level in this case)
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What are the parts of the diaphragmatic surfaces of liver and how are they demarcated?
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right, superior, anterior, posterior parts with no defined demarcation
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The visceral surface of the liver lies on top of what structures?
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oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, transverse colon, R colic flexure, R suprarenal gland, R kidney
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Peritoneum lies on the anterior surface of the liver, what does it flex away as?
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falciform ligament (Latin: sickle shaped)
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Continuing distally to the falciform ligament is what other ligament? and what is it a remnant of?
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the ligamentum teres, a remnant of the umbilical vein
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What does the falciform ligament demarcate?
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separate left and right lobes of liver
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What are the two fissures separating left and right lobes of the posteroinferior liver?
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fissure for ligamentum teres and fissure for ligamentum venosum
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Describe the H-shape of structures on the posteroinferior liver
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H:
left side - fissures for ligamentum teres and ligamentum venosum right side - groove for IVC and fossa for gall bladder cross-bar of H - porta hepatis (region where vessels, nerves and ducts enter or leave) above cross-bar - caudate lobe below cross-bar - quadrate lobe |
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What determines the functional lobes of the liver? How many sectors are there?
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the distribution of branches of portal vein and then each sector (4 in total) is subdivided into segments (2) based on their supply by tertiary divisions of portal triad
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What is the difference between left and right triangular ligaments?
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peritoneum is closer together on left
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What is the name of peritoneum superior to right triangular ligament?
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anterior coronary ligament
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Where does the lesser omentum attach to liver?
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at fissure for ligamentum venosum and around porta hepatis
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What is the most commonly infected space in the abdominal cavity?
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hepatorenal recess (posteroinferior to liver)
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What structures pass to the liver through the lesser omentum?
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1. portal vein (posteriorly)
2. portohepatic artery (anterior and left) 3. bile duct (ant. and right) |
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How can bleeding be prevented with a lacterated liver?
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put finger through epiploic foramen to complress portohepatic artery
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Where does blood from the properhepatic artery and portal vein mix?
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at the sinusoids of the liver
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What is the dual blood supply to the liver and which supply is more oxygenated than the other?
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proper hepatic artery (oxygenated blood to liver)
portal vein (poorly oxygenated blood, nutrients and toxins absorbed from GIT) |
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How many hepatic veins are there and where do they drain?
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3 veins (right, left and middle)
they drain to IVC |
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Which structures drain into the portal vein of liver, and what are the two potential pathological consequences of this?
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stomach, intestines, pancreas, spleen
problems: 1. tumour metastasis to liver from portal vein 2. portal hypertension may lead to oesophageal varices, splenic enlargement, caput medusae |
