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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The purpose of the eye is to gather light from the environment and form an image on cells of the
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retina
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The nerve that carries impluses from the eye to the brain is the
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optic nerve
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The inner coat of the posterior wall of the eye is composed of the
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retina
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The outer wall of the eye consists of the cornea and the
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sclera
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The thin, watery fluid in the anterior chamber of the eye is
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aqueous humor
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The jellylike substance that fills the posterior cavity of the eye is called
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Vitreous humor
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The posterior chamber of the eye lies between the iris and the
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lens
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The iris is composed of two layers of
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smooth muscle:
sphincter muscles - contract dilator muscle - makes larger |
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The pupil of the eye is an opening in the portion of the eye known as
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iris
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The transparent biconcave lens is found behind the
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pupil
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The suspensory ligment attaches the lens to the structure called the
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ciliary body
(mostly consists of ciliary muscle) |
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The nervous layer of the retina consists of three layers of
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neurons
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The eyelids are covered on their surfaces by the mucous membrane called the
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conjunctiva
(folds over part of eyeball) |
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Tears that bathe the eyeball and keep it moist are produced by the
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lacrimal apparatus (lacrimal glands)
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Twilight vision is concerned with those retinal cells known as
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rods
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Daylight vision and close, detailed vision are permitted by those retinal cells known as
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cones
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The place where most cones are concentrated is the
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fovea centralis
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The retinal cells in their greatest number at the outer edge of the retina are
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rods
(twilight, periphery vision) |
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The optic disc contains no visual detectors and is therefore called the
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Blind spot
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The lobe of the brain where visual patterns are interpreted is the
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Occipital lobe
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The process of light focusing due to the elasticity of the lens is called the
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Accommodation
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The change of lens shape to focus objects at various distances is under the control of a muscle called the
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ciliary muscle
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Persons having a condition in which the two eyes do not work together in a coordinated way suffer from
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strabismus
(cross eyes) |
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The correct term or nearsightedness is
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myopia
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Nearsightedness can be corrected by utilizing glasses having lenses that are
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biconcave
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The condition of farsightedness is correctly known as
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hyperopia
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Irregular curvature of the lens or cornea results in a disorder known as
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Astigmatism
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The sex linked genetic trait in which a person cannot detect certain colors is called
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colorblindness
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The major lobe of the brain in which hearing perception occurs is the
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temporal lobe
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The technical term or the eardrum is the
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tympanic membrane
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The middle ear bones, which transmit sound to the inner ear, are known as the
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Malleus
Incus and Stapes |
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The long, slender tube leading from the pharynx to the middle ear is the
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Eustachian tube
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The snail-like structure o the internal ear is called the
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cochlea
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Three qualities of sound waves are:
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Intensity
Pitch Timbre |
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Sound waves are transmitted from the middle ear bones to the membrane of the cochlea beneath the stapes called the
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Oval window
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In the cochlea, hair cells detect sound-produced pressure changes in a structure called the
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organ of Corti
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Sound induced nerve impulses are transmitted to the brain for interpretation over the cochlear branch of the nerve called the
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vestibulocochlear nerve
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The sense of taste is technically known as the
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Gustatory sense
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Taste buds are located on the upper surface of the tongue within tiny elevations called
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papillae
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The five primary tastes are
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sweet
sour salty umami (due to amino acid glutamate) bitter |
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The sensations of salt and sweet are detected on the portion of the tongue that is
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anterior
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Impulses of taste are transmitted to the brain over the facial nerve or the
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glossopharyngeal nerve
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The sense of smell is called the
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Olfactory sense
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The interpretations of smell are made in the temporal lobe of the cerebrum and in the
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frontal lobe
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Touch receptors in the skin are known as
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Merkel's disks
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Receptors that detect pressure and vibrations in the skin are called the
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Pacinian corpuscles
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Receptors on the skin that detect light and touch are called
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Meisner's corpuscles
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Receptors on the skin that detect pressure and vibrations are called
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Pacinian corpuscles
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How are sensations relayed to the brain
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via nerve impulses
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The sense of equilibrium is associated with the canals and passageways found in the
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Inner ear
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Each o the semicircular canals used in equilibrium connects with an outgrowth called the
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Utricle
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Maintaining posture depends on impulses arising in the semicircular can and using small bits of calcium carbonate called
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Otoliths
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