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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Boyle's Law is __________?
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~ an IDEAL gas law that states that the pressure VARIES INVERSLY with it's VOLUME.
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What does Boyl's law describe ?
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~ Boyles Law describes the relationship between pressure and volume of gases.
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Boyl's Law has an equation, what is this ?
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~ VOLUME X PRESSURE = CONSTANT
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Dalton's Law ?
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~ Dalton's Law states
that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressure exerted independantly by each gas in the mixture. ~ the partial pressure |
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Air in the atmoshere is a mixture of gases What are their % ?
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~ 78% N2
~21% o2 ~.9% Co2 |
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At sea level, the pressure of air is = 760 mmHg.
What is the patial preesure of air's components ? |
~Po2=.21% x 760= 159.6mmHg
~PN2= .78 x 760mmHg = 592.8mmHg ~PCo2 = .009 x 760 = 7.16mmHg |
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What is Henty's Law and what does it desribe?
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~How we carry o2 in the blood.
~ Henry's Law decribes the ability of a gas to dissolve in a liquid. |
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Henry's Law states that the amount of gas that will dissolve in a liquid is dependant on what two things?
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~The PARTIAL PRESSURE OF THE GAS
~ and the SOLUBILITY COEFFICIENT OF THE GAS ( W/C IS DEPENDANT ON THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL ATTRACTION OF THE GAS) |
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HOW is decreased intrapulmonary pressure achieved ?
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~ decreased intrapulmonary pressure is achieved by INCREASING THE VOLUME OF THE LUNGS BY CONTRACTION OF THE RESPIRATORY MUSCLES (diaphragm and EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS) or BOYLE'S LAW
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The formula for expiration is ?
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P(lungs) is MORE THAN P(ATM) OUT: EXPIRATION
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The Formula for inspiration is ?
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~ P(atm) is MORE than p(lungs) in: INSPIRATION
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WHAT IS VENTILLATION?
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~ Atmospheric gases move down into the lungs and waste gases are EXPELLED back up through the respiratory passages
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Co2 is how many times more soluble in water than o2?
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~ Co2 is 20X more soluble in water than o2
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o2 is how many times more soluble in water than N2?
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~ O2 is 2X more soluble in water than N2.
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There are six steps in the mechanics of INSPIRATION DESCRIBE THEM _______?
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1. Contraction of the Diaphragm and External intercostals
2. Increase in SIZE OF THE thoracic cavity 3. DECREASES intrapleural pressure 4. Intrapleural pressure becomes LESS than Intrapulmonary Pressure 5. Walls of lungs are SUCKED OUTWARD BY PARTIAL VACUUM 6. Air is SUCKED INTO LUNGS |
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How is EXPIRATION achieved ?
hint~4 steps |
1. EXPIRATION is achieved by a pressure gradient that is REVERSED via RELAXATION of the respiratory muscles.
2. The elastic basement membrane of the ALVEOLI and elastic fibers in the BRONCHIOLES AND ALVEOLAR ducts RECOIL INTO THEIR RELAXED STATE. 3. ALVEOLI are COATED WITH SURFACTANT (PHOSPHOLIPIDS) TO LOWER SURFACE TENSION TO PREVENT ALVEOLAR COLLAPSE during SNAP-BACK of EXPIRATION |
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What is SPIROMETRY ?
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~ tHE MEASUREMENT OF RESPIRATORY VOLUMES using a SPIROMETER
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Respiratory volumes are dependant on what variables?
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~AGE
~SEX ~SIZE `PHYSICAL BUILD PHYSICAL CONDITION ~GENERAL HEALTH |
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WHAT IS tidal volume ?
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~ The volume of air breathed in and out in any one breath; about 500 mL in quiet resting conditions.
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what is Inspiratory Reserve volume ?
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~ Inspiratory Reserve Volume is: Additional inspired air over and above the Tidal Volume; averages 3100 mL
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What is Residual Volume ?
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~ Residual Volume is the amount of air still contained in the lungs after a MAXIMAL EXHALATION; about 1200 mL in males and 1100 mL in Females
~ the excess air is trapped in the non-collapsible spaces in the air passages or " dead spaces" |
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How much air actually reaches the alveoli ?
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~ of the 500 mL's 350 mL actually arrive in the alveoli the remaining is trapped in the dead spaces along the respiratory passage
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What is Vital Capacity and what is the formula ?
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~ Vital Capacity is the LARGEST AMOUNT OF AIR THAT A PERSON CAN MOVE IN AND OUT OF THE LUNGS.
~ TV + IRV + ERV = VC |
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What is Total Lung Capacity?
What is the Formula ? |
~ The amount of air in your lungs AFTER MAXIMUM INSPIRATION.
~ VC + RV = TLC |
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What is TLC ?
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~ TLC = TOTAL LUNG CAPACITY
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Oxygen Transport in the Blood-
Mechanisms ? ( hint- 2 mechanisms PLUS 5 Factors Affecting) |
TRANSORT Mechanisms
~ Dissolved in Solution (1.5%) ~ Oxyhemaglobin ( 98.5%) |
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Factors AFFECTING Hb*O2 fORMATION ?
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~ when PO2 of an area is HIGH, MORE Hb more readily binds and LOADS O2 ( true in the alveoli); as more O2 BINDS TO hb, it's AFFINITY TO O2 INCREASES.
~ wHEN po2 OF AN AREA IS low, Hb more readily UNBINDS (UNLOADS) O2 ( tRUE IN THE TISSUES) ~ UNDER NORMAL RESTING CONDITIONS ONLY 22.5% OF O2 is UNLOADED, WHICH SATISFIES TISSUE NEEDS FOR O2yet maintains an O2 RESERVE IN THE BLOOD ( IF NEEDED) |
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fACTORS WHICH aFFECT HEMAGLOBIN/ OXYGEN FORMATION ?
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~ PARTIAL PRESSURE OF OXYGEN (PO2).
~ Affinity (bond strenght) between Hb and O2 INCREASES ~ AFFINITY INCREASES WITH EACH O2 bound to Hb 3. Other : PCO2, pH, temperature,(DPG) diphosphoglycerate) Hb + O2 >Alveoli>HbxO2>{Oxyhemaglobin}___ {tissues Hb + O2 |
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Mechanisms of Transport of CO2?
( hint 3) |
1. Dissolved in solution(7%)
2. Carbaminohemaglobin (23%) 3. Bicarbonate ion ( 70%) |
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Factors Affecting Hb CO2 Formation (hint 2 plus)
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1. Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2)
2. Affinity between Hb and CO2 ~ affinity INCREASES asPCO2 increases ~ affinity increases with each O2 REMOVED from Hb |
