Aaae Ace Operations Module 2

What are the two factors that distinguish between movement and non-movement areas?

What is the difference between rigid and flexible pavement?

What does SEA use?

What are the advantages of rigid over flexible?

What are the two major elements that contribute to pavement deterioration?

Explain the ACN-PCN method.

What is joint seal damage?

How high in elevation can an abutting edge be to a paved area?

What is skid resistance?

Which method is most commonly used to reduce hydroplaning and loss of friction?

What are the methods used for rubber removal on runways?

Which friction evaluation equipment provides a continuous graphic record of the pavement surface being tested?

What are the two types of decelerometers? Which is used only as a back-up and why?

What would a Mu value of 100 indicate?

Describe unpaved areas:

What are the main reasons for the use of artificial turf at airports?

What are the RSA dimensions as defined by the FAA?

Why would an airport install Engineering Material Arresting System?

What are the TSA dimensions as defined by the FAA?

What is the height restriction for frangible mounts in Safety Areas?

What is a stopway?

What are declared distances?

Does the TORA include the Stopway?

When is the LDA different from the TORA?

Describe unpaved areas:

What are the main reasons for the use of artificial turf at airports?

What are the RSA dimensions as defined by the FAA?

Why would an airport install Engineering Material Arresting System?

What are the TSA dimensions as defined by the FAA?

What is the height restriction for frangible mounts in Safety Areas?

What is a stopway?

What are declared distances?

Does the TORA include the Stopway?

When is the LDA different from the TORA?

Refers to the ability of a pavement to provide a surface with the desired friction characteristics under all weather conditions.

Hyrdoplaning that occurs on any surface, generally at a high speed. A wave of water builds up in front of a rolling tire which allows the tire to ride on a cushion of water and lose contact with the runway surface.

Hydroplaning that occurs from the lubricating effect that results when a thin film of oil, grease, dirt, rubbber particles or a smooth runway combine with water or other liquid resulting in a slippery pavement.

Hydroplaning causes by the rubber heat buildup beneath a tire footprint area due to friction. Heat cause the tire to revert to its uncured stated and form a seal that traps high pressure steam from the resultant friction.

Rubber can be removed from runways via these methods

Friction measuring equipment that provides a spot check of the pavement surface rather than continuous. Minimum of three braking tests are required in each zone to determine the average friction value for that zone. Average speed is 20 mph

Friction measuring equipment recommended for pavement surfaces covered with contaminants. Provides a continuous graphic record of the pavement friction characteristics with averages for each 1/3 zone of the runway length. May be conducted up to 40 MPH.

What Mu reading number requires corrective action?

Unpaved surfaces

Main reasons for the use of artificial turf

Artificial turf can be used at these locations

Unpaved areas must be

90% overruns occur at exit speeds of

A defined surface surrounding the RWY prepared for reducing the risk of damage to a/c in the event of an undershoot, overshoot or excursion from the RWY

A defined surface alongside the TWY prepared for reducing the risk of damage to an a/c unintentionally departing the taxiway

RSA is centered on the RWY centerline and varies in width from

RSA varies in length from

Aircraft approach category C and D airports must have how much RSA length?

Porous cellular cement bed area at the end of a runway that deforms under the weight of a heavy a/c resulting in major drag and deceleration of the a/c.

Taxiway Safety Area is centered on the TWY centerline and varies in width from

The airspace below 150 feet above the airport elevation and along the runway centerline that is required to be free of objects to provide clearance protection for landings and departures.

The airspace above the runway centerline and extending 200 feet beyond each end of the runway

The airspace above the runway centerline (runways have approach lighting system). Begins 200 feet of the runway threshold and extends 200 feet beyond the last light in the ALS. Width is the same as the ROFZ.

The airspace above the surfaces located on the outer edges of the ROFZ and the inner-approach OFZ. Applies to runways with minimums lower than 3/4 statute mile

Volume of airspace above an area beginning at the rwy threshold, at the threshold elevation and along the centerline. 200 ft long. 800 ft wide. Applies when ceiling is less than 3/4 mile and a/c is on final approach within 2 miles of the threshold.

An area on the ground centered on the runway to enhance a/c safety by having the area free of objects unless fixed by function.

Trapezoidal in shape and centered on runway centerline. Designed to enhance the protection of people and property on the ground. 200 feet beyond the runway end. Otherwise two are required

Rectangular area beyond the rwy end centered on the centerline and as wide as the rwy prepared for use in lieu of rwy during an aborted takeoff

Rectangular area beyond end of the rwy cleard for use to satisfy takeoff distance requirements. Possibility of an engine out operation. Increases the allowable a/c takeoff weight without increasing runway length.

The runway length declared available for the ground run of a/c taking off

The TORA plus the length of any remaining runway or clearway beyond the far end of the TORA.

The runway plus stopway length declared available and suitable for the acceleration and deceleration of a/c aborting a takeoff

The runway length declared available for a landing airplance

Runway without an existing or planned straight-in instrument approach procedure. Approach and landing made solely under VFR conditions.

VFR meteorological conditions

Runway with only horizontal navigational guidance.

A specified altitude or height in a non-precision approach which descent must not be made without the required visual reference

The point in an approach at a specified height or altitude at which a missed approach must be initiated if the required visual reference to continue the approach has not been acquired

Runway with both vertical and horizontal approach guidance provided by ILS, PAR or WAAS or GBAS.

Ground based instrument approach system that provides precision guidance to an aircraft approaching and landing on a runway.

A type of radar guidance system designed to provide lateral and vertical guidance to an a/c for landing until the landing threshold is reached.

System consisting of 25 ground reference stations positioned across the US where data is collected and differential messages are broadcast.

Airport Marking:

Two proven techniques that help airport operators enhance conspicuity of surface markings

What bead types does the FAA recommend for rwy holding position markings?

Marking used to identify the runway end consisting of one or two numbers.

Runway Centerline length specifications

Runway Centerline widths:

A pattern of longitudinal stripes of uniform dimensions

Where does the marking start?

Runway Threshold Marking deimensions:

This marking is white and generally begins 1,020 feet from the runway threshold.

Aiming Point Marking dimensions

This marking is on a precision runway at 500 ft increments

What is the no marking zone established for Touchdown Zone Markings?

This marking consists of two parallel stripes on each edge of the usable runway

Runway side stripe dimensions

This marking is a rectangular bar located perpendicular to the runway centerline.

These markings identify paved blast pads, stopways and EMAS

This marking is used only in conjunction with the runway edge marking

The purpose of these markings is to prevent aircraft and vehicles from entering into critical areas with runways and nav aids

Holding Position Marking - Case 1

Holding Position Marking - Case 2

Holding Position Marking - Case 3

Holding Position Marking - Case 4

Holding Position Marking - Case 5

Holding Position Marking - Case 6

Pattern A Marking

Pattern B Marking

Pattern C Marking

All taxiways that intersect a runway must have:

An increased area of pavement around turning points on the runway and taxiway to ensure a/c do not veer off the pavement while turning

The standard methodology for painting taxiway centerlines in taxiway intersections

To reduce taxiway excursions airport operators should:

When does the taxiway marking continue across all runway markings?

What are the exceptions?

How are taxiways marked that intersect runways in areas other than the runway end?

Taxiway centerlines are enhanced for how many feet prior to the runway holding position?

This marking is used to delineate the taxiway edge from the shoulder and not intended for use by pilots.

This marking is used where there is an operational need to define the edges of a taxi route and permits pilots to cross this surface marking

This marking is designed to supplement signage by alerting pilots and vehicle drivers of an upcoming runway.

These markings are used to provide directional guidance at an intersection when it is not possible to provide a taxiway direction sign or at troublesome taxiway intersections

These markings are used to enable pilots and ground vehicle operators to identify the taxiway upon which they are located.

These markings are used to assist pilots in locating their assigned terminal gate.

These markings are used to assist pilots in locating their position along the edges of a large continuous apron. Useful for identifying both the entrances and the exits along the terminal.

These markings are designed to assist pilots with confirming holding points and reporting their location while taxiing during periods of low visibility operations.

These markings are used to facilitate the local ramp tower in movement of a/c and vehicles to designated areas of ramps between non movement and movement areas

This is where pilots are able to check their a/c instruments with the VOR signal.

The runway displaced threshold marking includes:

This marking is located on the blast pad, stopway or EMAS prior to the runway threshold

This marking should not be established at distances less than one-half mile from the VOR

Physical removal of markings is achieved by:

At airports with an ATCT, vehicles and a/c are required to hold at these signs unless cleared by ATCT.

Holding Position Signs

No Entry Signs

The purpose of these signs is to identify the taxiway or runway that an a/c or vehicle is located.

The purpose of these signs is to identify the boundary of the RSA/OFZ or ILS Critical Area for a pilot exiting the runway.

These should not be collocated with holding position signs or boundary signs

These signs should not be installed between the holding position marking and the runway

This sign indicates the end of a taxiway

These signs indicate the general direction to a remote destination.

Standard Highway Stop Signs on the airfield

These signs are used to provide distance remaining information to pilots during takeoff and landing operations

This sign is only used in the take-off direction on unpaved runways less than 3,000 feet where both ends of the runway are not readily visible.

The oldest lamp type in use with either a bayonet or screw type insertion into the fitting.

The longevity of this bulb is primarily based on the temperature generated.

These bulbs produce a much hotter filament and the quartz lens is better able to withstand the heat.