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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the function of the abdominal wall?
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Forms a strong expandable support, protects the abdominal viscera from injury, compresses the abdominal contents, adjusts the intra-abdominal pressure and assists in expiration, moves the trunk and helps to maintain posture
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What three bones form the acetabulum?
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Ilium, ischium, and pubis
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What five landmarks are on the pelvis?
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Iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine, anterior inferior iliac spine, pubic tubercle, and pubic symphysis
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Describe the external oblique muscle
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Flat muscle of anterolateral abdominal wall.
Origin: ribs 5-12 Insertion: pubic tubercle, iliac crest, LA Innervation: segmental thoracoabdominal nerves Action: compress/support abdominal viscera, flex/rotate trunk to opposite side |
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Describe the internal oblique muscle
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Flat muscle of anterolateral abdominal wall
Origin: ribs 10-12, LA Insertion: thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament Innervation: segmental thoracoabdominal nerves Action: compress/support abdominal viscera, flex/rotate trunk to same side |
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Describe the transverse abdominis muscle
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Flat muscle of anterolateral abdominal wall
Origin: ribs 7-12, costal cartilages, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia Insertion: LA, pubic tubercle Innervation: segmental thoracoabdominal nerves Action: compress/support abdominal viscera |
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Describe the inguinal ligament
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A thickened, underturned, inferior margin of the aponeurosis of the external oblique
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Describe the inguinal canal
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An oblique, inferomedially directed passage through the inferior section of the anterolateral abdominal wall. Entrance to canal: deep inguinal ring
Exit: superficial inguinal ring Contains the spermatic cord in males and the round ligament of the uterus in females |
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Describe the rectus abdominis muscle
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Vertical muscle of abdominal wall
Origin: xiphoid process, costal cartilages 5-7 Insertion: pubic symphysis, pubic crest Innervation: segmental thoracoabdominal nerves Action: compress/support abdominal viscera, flex trunk Rectus sheath: fascia surrounding rectus abdominus Arcuate line: lies at beginning of lower 1/4 of rectus abdominis |
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Describe the mesentery and omentum of the abdominal cavity
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Mesentery: double-layer of peritoneum suspending some organs
Omentum: double-layered extension or fold of peritoneum that passes between the stomach and the adjacent organs |
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Describe peritoneum and the 2 types located in the abdominal cavity
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Peritoneum: thin, serous membrane deep to the EF, lines the abdominal walls and some viscera of the abdominal cavity
Parietal peritoneum: innermost layer of abdominal cavity, lines the internal surface of the abdominopelvic wall Visceral peritoneum: lines the viscera |
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Describe the 4 layers of fascia within the abdominal cavity
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Superficial layer: fatty and membranous portions
Deep Layers: envelop muscle layers Transversalis fascia: well-developed layer deep to transversus abdominus Extraperitoneal fascia: layer of connective tissue deep to transversalis fascia |
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Describe the path of the esophagus
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Esophagus passes through the elliptical esophageal hiatus and terminates at the cardinal orifice of the stomach
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Describe the stomach and its functions
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Function: mechanical and chemical digestion
Regions: cardia, fundus, body, pyloric region *Pyloric region communicates with the esophagus to control the release of the stomach |
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Describe the small intestine
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Duodenum: digestion; sits behind the parietal peritoneum and surrounds the head of the pancreas
Jejunum & ileum: absorption |
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Describe the large intestine
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Function: absorbs water and salts
*from secum, large intestine ascends into ascending colon, travels across body as transverse colon, down body as descending colon, ends in sigmoid colon Iliosecal junction: portion where small & large intestine meet |
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Describe the appendix
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blind intestinal diverticulum that contains lymphoid tissues; arises from posterior aspect of cecum
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Describe the liver
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Function: endocrine & exocrine functions, makes bile
Lies deep to ribs 7-11 on right side * 4 lobes - right, left, quadrate, cuadate |
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Describe hepatic circulation and the veins involved
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Nutrient-rich, oxygen-poor blood from portal vein enters liver. Filtered blood exits the liver via the hepatic vein and travels to the inferior venae cava. The hepatic artery supplies the liver with oxygenated blood
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Describe the gall bladder
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Function: stores & concentrates bile
*lies in the gallbladder fossa on the visceral surface of the liver. *releases bile into the duodenum via the cystic duct |
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Describe the pancreas
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Function: enzyme production, releases insulin into bloodstream and into the duodenum
*retroperitoneal organ |
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What are the 4 ducts within the digestive system?
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Common hepatic duct: carries bile from liver
Cystic duct: carries bile from gall bladder Common bile duct; formed by union of cystic and common hepatic duct Pancreatic duct: passageway from pancreas to duodenum |
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Describe the kidneys
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Function: removes water, salt from blood, produces urine
2 regions - cortex and medulla Surprarenal adrenal gland: surrounded by dense fibroelastic capsule of connective tissue; divided into spruarenal cortex and suprarenal medulla *retroperitoneal organ |
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Describe the spleen
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Function: filters blood, digests bacteria and depleted RBC's
*receives blood via the large splenic artery |
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Describe the 3 sections of the abdominal cavity with respect to blood supply
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Foregut: esophagus, duodenum, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, spleen
Midgut: jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon, 2/3 of transverse colon Hindgut: 1/3 transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum |
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Which organs are considered intraperitoneal? Extraperitoneal?
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Intra: organs within the peritoneal cavity- esophagus, stomach, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, transverse colon, sigmoid colon
Extra: duodenum, pancreas, ascending colon, descending colon |
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Describe the location of the layers of fascia of the abdominal wall
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From anterior to posterior
Superficial layer: fatty, membranous portion (campers's) Deep (investing) layer: envelopes muscle layers Transversalis fascia: well-developed layer deep to transversus abdominus Extraperitoneal: layer of connective tissue deep to transversalis Parietal peritoneum: deep to extranperitoneal fascia |
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Describe the changes that take place at the arcuate line
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Arcuate line lies at the beginning of the lower 1/4 of the rectus abdominus
*above arcuate line, rectus abdominus is covered on both sides by rectus sheath *below, posterior surface of rectus abdominus muscle is in direct contact with the transversalis fascia |
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Describe the major branches of the abdominal aorta and the regions they supply
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Anterior visceral (unpaired): GI tract, spleen
Lateral visceral (paired): reproductive organs, kidneys Posterior parietal (paired): lumbar, sacral regions Terminal branches: hip region, lower extremities |