Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Reasons to seek therapy
|
1) stressful life circumstances
2) chronic long standing problems -history of maladjustments 3) indirect sources -reluctant clients 4) people who seek personal growth |
|
Those who provide pschyotherapeutic services
|
physicians - trained to see signs, give refferals
clergy - may be the first to encounter a person encountering an emotional crisis Clinical Psychologists - looks at changing a client's behaviour and thought patterns Psychiatrists - prescribe psychoactive drugs and other medical treatments Clinical Social Workers |
|
Therapeutic Relationship
|
needs to be a working alliance between client and therapist
clients that are pessimistic will respond less to therapy Therapists own personal characteristics can determine the therapeutic outcome |
|
Therapeutic Alliance
|
3 factors
1) a sense of working collaboratively 2) agreement between patient and therapist about goals of therapy 3) an affective bond between therapist and client |
|
Qualities the Enhance Therapy
|
a motivated client
client's expectation of receiving help, engage in process providing the client with a safe setting a good match between client and therapist |
|
Measuring Success in Psychotherapy
|
therapist's impression of changes
clients self report reports from friends/family comparison of pre/post treatment scores outside independent observer |
|
Harmful Therapy
|
5-10% clients experience this
BPD and OCD have high rates of negative outcomes Therapists may refer to other therapists when they have clients with whom they may be ill equipped to work with. Major concern is a sexual relationship between client and therapist |
|
Meds
|
for some disorders meds are necessary
they help with biochemical changes - but do not teach coping strategies or adaptive behaviours some have negative side effects in panic disorders medication has been seen to interfere with therapy |
|
Combined Treatment
|
55% of patients receive both medical and psychotherapy treatments
No evidence that it helps with anxiety disorders, but has been shown to improve severe disorders |
|
Antipsychotic drugs
|
used in schizophernia and other mood disorders
alleviate/reduce hallucinations and/or the severity of them block dopamine receptors have long half life less severe withdrawal risk drug will accumulate in body side effect - jerky movement |
|
Antidepressants
|
SSRI, SNRI, MAO, TCAs
used successfully in depression, bulimia, anxiety, personality disorders |
|
Anti-Anxiety Drugs
|
treat acute anxiety before a stressful event (i.e. surgery), highly addictive, induces sleep, enhances GABA receptors
|
|
Mood Stabilizing Drugs (Lithium)
|
patients relapse if not taking medication regularly
have to be aware of lipid toxicity can damage neurons very effective if administered properly |
|
ECT
|
Electroconvulsive therapy
safe/effective does not cause brain damage effects every neurotransmitter bilateral more effective but causes more side effects like memory loss/problems |
|
Neurosurgery
|
lobotomies
not often used today - only used as last resort Effective for severe OCD |
|
Behavioural Therapy
|
assumes abnormal behaviour is acquired the same way normal behaviour is
|
|
Exposure Therapy
|
Directly confronts the feared stimulus
Stimulus exposed real or imaginary Most therapists use imaginary Very effective |
|
Systematic Desensitization
|
Therapist finds a behaviour that is incompatible with being anxious
Repeatedly pairs this stimulus with what is causing patient anxiety Teaches patient to be relaxed while facing anxiety induced stimulus Not often used |
|
Aversion Therapy
|
Modifies undesirable behaviour my punishment
Most effective is drugs that have a noxious effect i.e. if you take the drug and drink alcohol, you will vomit |
|
Modelling
|
Live modelling fearlessness and guided exposure with instruction
|
|
Systematic use of Reinforcements
|
Changing or eliminating reinforcements that support problem behaviours
May be a way of suppressing behaviours |
|
Use of Token-Token Economics
|
Like operant conditioning
Patients were given tokens for behaving and they could use these for desired goods/objects Proven effective with mentally ill and those with developmental delays |
|
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
|
focuses on important private events that help determine behaviour and emotions
Two main themes 1) conviction that the cognitive processes influence emotion, motivation, and behaviour 2) use of cognitive and behaviour change techniques in hypothesis testing Beck and Ellis (REBT) are the two leading men |
|
REBT
|
Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy
attempts to change a clients maladaptive thought processes one method is to question a person's false beliefs through rational confrontations aims to increase the clients self worth |
|
Beck's Cognitive Therapies
|
the client's biases distort the way they make sense of their experiences
underlying biases are a set of schemas that become activated therapist helps identify these errors to adjust their biases |
|
Humanistic- Experimental Therapies
|
states psychopathology stems from alienation, depersonalization, loneliness, and failure to find meaningful fulfilment. Assumes people have the freedom and responsibility to control own behaviour. Therapy seeks to expand the client's awareness.
|
|
Client Centered Therapy (Rogerian)
|
clients become able to accept themselves
Therapist listens and restates the client's words |
|
Gestalt Therapy
|
Goal is to increase patient's self awareness and self acceptance. Dreams are thought to be representations of unacknowledged aspects of the dreamer.
|
|
Emotion Focused Therapy
|
Focuses on the emotions, patients reflect on emotions and create a meaning.
|
|
Psychodynamic Therapy
|
2 types
1) classical oriented 2) psychoanalytically oriented |
|
Freudian Psychoanalysis
|
4 techniques
1) free association - patients say whatever come to mid, therapist tries to piece together client's disconnected ideas 2) analysis of the dream - dreams have manifest (the dream as it appears to the dreamer) and latent content (actual motives that are seeking expression). 3) analysis of resistance - therapist must cope with resistance 4) analysis of transference - people carry over and unconsciously apply to their therapist, attitudes, and feel that they had in their relationships |
|
Interpersonal Therapy
|
Idea here is that individuals involuntarily evoke schemas acquired from early interactions in interpreting what is happening in current relationships
|
|
Marital Therapy
|
Both partners change
TBCT Based on a social learning model goal is to increase caring behaviours and to teach partners to resolve conflict more constructively does not work for everyone IBCT is more effective than TBCT IBCT focuses on acceptance strategies |
|
Family Therapy
|
Thinks that if family context can be changes, then each member will have altered experience in the family.
|