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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Safety
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provides health and fitness professionals with info that can lead to ID of individuals or modifications or is contraindicated
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Risk Factor Identification
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Determines who may participate and who should be referred to a physician before participation in exercise testing or physical activity
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Exercise prescription and programming
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Develops specific exercise programs appropriate to the individual needs and goals.
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Present Health History
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Known diseaseor symptoms of disease
-Activity level -Dietary behaviors (including caffeine and alcohol intake) -Smoking and tabacco use -Medication Use (including recreational drugs) |
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Past Health History
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-cardiorespiratory problems
-orthopedic problems -recent illnesses or hospitalization -exercise history -work history |
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Family Health History
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-onset of heart disease in first degree relative; men before 55, women before 65
-other significant disorders, including diabetes, hyperlipidemia, stroke and sidden death in first-degree relatives |
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Health Screening Questionnaire
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-PAR-Q
-AHA/ACSM Health Fitness Facility Preparticipation Screening Questionnaire -Completed in quiet, private area -Review responses |
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Resting Heart Rate
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after sitting for 5 minutes; palpate for 30 seconds; normal RHR is 60-100 bpm
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Resting Blood Pressure
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accuracy should be based 2 or more measurements; both in supine and standing position;
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Forced Vital Capacity
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volume of air expired following a maximal inspiration
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Maximal Voluntary Ventilation
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maximal voume of air-flow per minute possible
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Forced Expiratory Capacity at 1 Second
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proportion of the forced vital capacity (FVC) expired in 1 second
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Total Cholesterol
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measure of the total amount of cholesterol in the blood. It includes all cholesterol fractions.
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Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
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a cholesterol carrying protein that tends to deposit cholesterol in arterial walls; greatly accelerating atherolsclerosis.
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High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL)
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a cholesterol-carrying protein that tends to revoce cholesterol from the blood and cell walls; possibly reversing progression of atherosclerosis
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TC:HDL Ratio
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useful index of dyslipidemia; mayt be significant even if both are within normal limits (>4.3)
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Fasting Glucose
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measure of blood sugar without the influence of a meal.
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Absolute Contraindications
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exercise testing should not be performed until the situation or condition has stabilized.
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Relative Contraindications
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might be tested if the potential benefit from exercise testing outweighs the relative risk of testing
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Low Risk
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no S&S, or are diagnosed with cardiovascular, pulmonary, or metabolic disease, and have no more than one cardiovascular disease risk factor
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Moderate Risk
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individuals who do not have S&S or are diagnosed with cardiovascular, pulmonary or metabolic disease but have 2 or more CVD factors
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High Risk
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individuals who have one or more S&S or are disgnosed woth cardiovascular, pulmonayr or metabolic disease
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Content of Informed Consent
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-purpose
-procedures -potential risks and discomforts -expected benefits -responsibilities of the participant -opportunity to ask questions -confidentiality of results -right to refuse or withdraw -signatures -dates of signatures |
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Testing Order
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-resting measurements
-body composition -cardiorespiratory fitness -muscular fitness -flexibility |
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Criteria for stopping a test
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-attainment of desired performance
-patient or equipment complications - |
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Hydrostatic Weighing
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uses the Archimedes' principle that a body immersed in water s buoyed by a counterforces equal to the weight of the water displaced.
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Skinfold Measurements
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a relationship between subcutaneous fat and overall body fat; age taken into account because of changes with age; equations specific to age, gender, and ethnicity
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Anthropmetry
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measurements of height, weight, and girths provide info about the relative distribution of body mass compared to the standard distributions
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Body Mass Index
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weight for height ratio used to determin a standard nomogram. Commonly used in large population studies; found to correlate with incidence of cetain chronic diseases such as hyperlipidemia
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Waist to Hip Ratio
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simple index of upper versus lower body fat distribution; predictor of disease risk relative to fat distribution
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Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis
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measures resistance to current flow of electrical condutivity based on fat content
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Near Infrared Interactance
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light absorption and reflection to measure body composition; measurement of reflected light is related to subcutaneous fat.
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Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry
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an emitter passes photons at two different angles through body tissue, and a scanner analyzes the energy that passes through the tissue.
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Cooper 12-min Test
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covers the greates distance possible during thw 12 minute test period. VO2max is estimated based on the distance covered.
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1.5 mile test
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subject must cover 1.5 miles as rapidly as possible. VO2max is estimated based on this time.
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Rockport One-Mile Fitness Walking Test
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This submax test requires the subject wo walk 1 mile as fast as possible with HR measured for 15 seconds immediately posttest. VO2max is predicted based on gender, time and HR
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6-minute Walk Test
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This test requires a 100 ft indoor hallway. Subjects are asked to walk as far as they can during the 6 minutes. Distance is marked off every 3m. A chair is available if the subject needs to stop to rest during the test.
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Limitations to exercise testing
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-Subject's motivation
-Person's unaccustomed to the test -Inadequate personnel and equipment |
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Nuclear and Radionuclide Imaging
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in these exercise tests, radioactive substances are injected into the bloodstream to visualize aspects of the circulatory system more closely; increases sensitivity and specificity
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Perfusion Imaging
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during last minute of a standard stress test, thallium-201 is injected into the bloodstream; enters myocardial cells in proportion to the amount of blood flow to those cells; emits energy detectable with a scintillation couonter.
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Exercise Echocardiography
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uses ECG monitoring to identify the cardiac cycle, along with high-frequency sound waves to evaluate cardiac wall motion and pump function
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Pharmacological Testing
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when an individual is not able to complete an exercise stress test
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Isotonice Training
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weight is held constant through the range of motion; speed can vary with the person's movement
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Isokinetic Training
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speed of movement is kept constant throught the range of motion; force can vary with the person's movement
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Variable-Resistance Training
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the weight is altered using mechanical assistance to compensate for changes in the muscle's ability to generate force owing to changes in the lever system
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Isometric Training
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the joint angle remains the same while force is exerted
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Cable Tensiometer
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measures static strength by measuring force exerted while pulling on a steel cable
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Dynamometer
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potable static strength testing devicethat generally tests leg, back and forearm strength
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1-Rep Max Testing
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assesses the max amount of weight that can be lifted one time for a given exercise; limited to the weakest point of range of motion
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Static Endurance
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a submax force is held for as long as possible time is measured
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Dynamic Endurance
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maximal repetitions completes at a set percentage of 1RM or ody weight, taken into account the size of the muscle mass being assessed
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Isokinetic Endurance
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measures the number of repetitions completed above 50% of maximal torque
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Calisthenic Tests
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Includes sit-ups, push ups and pull ups. The number or repetitions is assessed with the individual lifting his or her own body weight
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