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449 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Manufacture and sell insurance coverage in the form of insurance policies or contracts of insurance.

Insurance companies (insurers or carriers)

Are captive or independent organizations that recruit, contract with, train, and support insurance producers.

Insurance Agencies

Are licensed individuals representing and appointed by an insurance company when transacting insurance business

Insurance Producers

The person or entity that is covered by the insurer, which covers losses due to loss of life, health, property, or liability.

An insured

Is not necessarily the insured under the policy but is responsible for paying the policy's premium and has various rights as specified in the contract

Owner

Last resort private coverage for businesses and individuals who have been rejected by the voluntary market.

Residual Markets

Requires insurers writing specific coverage lines in a given state to assume their share of profits/losses of the total voluntary market premiums written in that state

Joint Underwriting Association or Joint Reinsurance pool

Insurers agree to apportion among themselves those risks that are unable to obtain insurance through normal channels

Risk Sharing Plan

Insurance companies that operate to accept all or a portion of the financial risk of loss from the primary (or ceding) insurance company. The risk of loss is transferred to one or more insurance companies. Consumers have no direct contact with these companies.

Reinsurance companies

To sell part or to cede part of a risk to another insurance company

Reinsure

Reinsurance agreement that automatically accepts all new risks presented by the ceding insurer

Treaty

Reinsurance agreement that allows the reinsurance company an opportunity to reject coverage for individual risks, or price them higher due to their substandard (higher risk) nature.

Facultative

If an insurance company wants to transfer all or part of the risk it has accepted, it would buy which of the following types of insurance?




1. Residual


2. Reinsurance


3. Reciprocal


4. Insurer

2. Reinsurance

An insurer incorporated in New York would be considered domestic in what state(s)

New York


(Would be considered Foreign in 49 other states)

Authorized by this State's Commissioner of insurance to do business in this state. It has received a Certificate of Authority to do business in this state.

Admitted

Has either applied for authorization to do business in this State and was declined or they have not applied. They are not authorized to transact insurance in this State

Non-admitted

What type of insurance can be placed through non-admitted carriers?

Excess lines insurance

Type of insurance that finds coverage when insurance cannot be obtained from admitted insurers. However, it cannot be utilized solely to receive lower cost coverage than would be available from an admitted carrier.

Surplus lines insurance

Which of the following is an insurance company that is organized under the laws of another state within the united states?




1. Domestic


2. Alien


3. Foreign


4. Authorized

3. Foreign

Oversees the operation of the business

Executives

Gather and interpret statistical information used in rate making. Determines the probability of loss and sets premium rates.

Actuarial department

Responsible for the selection of risks (person or property to insure) and rating that determines actual policy premium.

Underwriting Dept.

Responsible for advertising and selling

Marketing/Sales Dept.

Assists the policyholder, insured, or beneficiary in the event of a loss and processes, and pays the amount of the claim in a timely manner based upon the contractual provisions and amount insured.

Claims dept.

Which insurance dept. accepts the insurance risk?

Underwriting

What is the main purpose of the Dept. of Insurance?

Protect the general public/protect from insurer insolvency



Regulates all insurers doing business in this state. Protection against insolvency of an insurer is its major concern

Dept. or Division of Insurance

Which of the following individuals represents the insurance company when selling an insurance policy?




1. Producer


2. Broker


3. Adjuster


4. Insurer

1. Producer

Authority that is written into the producer's contract. May be expressed orally or in writing.

Express

Authority the public assumes the producer has.

Implied



Authority created when the producer exceeds the authority expressed int he agency contract.

Apparent

Producer's responsibilities to the insurer are:

1. Fiduciary duty


2. Keep premiums in a trust acct separate from other funds and forward to insurer promptly


3. Report any material facts that may affect underwriting


4. Duty to only recommend the purchase of suitable policies

Which of the following types of authority does the public assume an agent has when quoting insurance?




1. Authorized


2. Express


3. Implied


4. Apparent

3. Implied

A producer has each of the following responsibilities to the insurer, except:




1. A fiduciary duty


2. Forwarding premiums to the insurer on a timely basis


3. Reporting material facts that may affect underwriting


4. A duty to recommend only high rate policies

4. A duty to recommend only high rate policies

Always represent the insurance company

Agents



Always represents the insured's

Broker



Offer advice, counsel, and opinions of service in respect to the benefits, and the advantages or disadvantages of any insurance policy or contract. Compensated by a fee for service, are not bank trust officers.

Consultants

Another name for the insurance company

Principal

Anyone trusted to handle other people's money or items of value (Agents, Executors, Pension trustees, etc.)

Fiduciaries

Protects consumer privacy and protects the public from overly intrusive information collection practices.

Fair Credit Reporting Act

Credit reporting agency must reinvestigate within ____ months, if applicant challenges accuracy.

6

Agencies must forward to applicant inaccurate information given out within previous ___ year(s)

2 years

Report must not include lawsuits over _____year(s) old or bankruptcies more than _____year(s) old

Lawsuits 7 years, Bankruptcies 10 years

Examples of "Red Flags" concerning Money laundering, described under the Patriot Act, include:

1. Paying for an entire policy up front with cash


2. Early cancellation of the policy, regardless of cancellation fees


3. Heavy use of third parties for policy transactions


4. Strong reliance on wire or electronic fund transfers to foreign accounts.

Failure of Agents/Brokers to report any activity they believe or even have reason to suspect is an effort to launder money, can result in:

dismissal and civil or possibly even criminal prosecution

A fraudulent act involves

A misstatement of material fact by a person who knows or believes that statement to be false

State fraudulent insurance acts protect:

Producers, brokers, and insurers in the event fraudulent information is provided by consumers.

This repealed parts of the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 to allow the merger of banks, securities companies, and insurance companies. It also established the Financial Privacy Rule and Safeguards Rule for the protection of consumers' privacy.

Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (The Financial Services modernization Act of 1999)

The Privacy notice must explain:

1. Information collected about the consumer


2. Where information is shared


3. How information is used


4. How information is protected

This is the largest crime bill in U.S. history, and expands funding to federal agencies such as the FBI, DEA, and INS and includes provisions that address domestic abuse and firearms, gang crimes, immigration, registration of sexually violent offenders, victims of crime, and fraud.

Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994

If consent is granted by any state, other states must allow the applicant to work in their states as well. This is known as

Reciprocity

A condition where the chance, likelihood, probability or potential for loss exists

Risk

Situations where there is a chance for loss, gain, or neither. Examples: Gambling, investing, starting a new business. These risks cannot be insured

Speculative risks

Situations where there is no chance for gain; the only outcome is for nothing to occur or for a loss to occur. This risk can be insured.

Pure risk

Reduction, decrease, or disappearance of value. Is the basis of a claim under the terms of an insurance policy.

Loss

The cause or source of a loss (fire, windstorm, embezzlement)

Peril

A specific condition that increases the probability, likelihood, or severity of a loss from a peril

Hazard

Flammable material stored near a furnace would be an example of what type of hazard

Physical hazard

An insured burns down his/her own house to collect the insurance payout. This is an example of what type of hazard

Moral Hazard

Driving too fast for conditions, not wearing a seat belt, ignoring stop signs at familiar intersections are all what type of hazard

Morale Hazard

Dishonest tendencies that increase the probability of loss are what type of hazard?

Moral

The condition of being at risk of loss. Simply by existing, property and people are subject to many different risks.

Loss Exposure

An imbalance created when risks that are more prone to losses than the average risk are the only risks seeking insurance within a specific marketplace. Example: only those living in earthquake-prone areas seek to buy earthquake insurance.

Adverse selection

Five ways of managing risk:

1. Sharing


2. Transfer


3. Avoidance


4. Reduction (sprinkler system, burglar alarm)


5. Retention (self-insure portion of loss)

Insurable risks must include:

1. Law of large numbers


2. Chance of loss measurable


3. Premiums must be affordable


4. Loss must be accidental in nature


5. Catastrophic perils are excluded

A legal contract purchased to indemnify the insured against a loss, damage, or liability arising from an unexpected event.

Insurance contract

The ability of an applicant to meet an insurer's underwriting requirements.

Insurability

The process of selecting, classifying, and rating a risk for the purpose of issuing or not issuing insurance coverage

Underwriting

An event, past or present, which may cause loss or damage, or create legal liability on the part of an insured.

Insurable events

In Life and Health policies, Insurable interest must exist at what time?

At the time of application, but not at time of loss

What principal of insurance restores the insured to the same economic condition that existed before the loss?

Indemnity

Pertains to the formation and enforcement of contracts

Contract law

Civil wrongs; not breaches of contract. They result in the injuries or harm that constitute the basis of a claim by a third party.

Tort

A contractual agreement that transfers the liability of one party to another party; it is used by landlords, contractors, and others as a way to avoid or reduce risk.

Hold Harmless Agreement

What a reasonable and prudent policy owner would expect; the reasonable expectations of policyowners are honored by the courts although the strict terms of the policy may not support these expectations.

Reasonable expectations doctrine

Four elements of a legal contract are

1. Competent parties


2. Legal purpose


3. Agreement (Offer & Acceptance)


4. Consideration

Pays a specified dollar amount for a loss. Example: a hospital policy may pay $100 per day as stated in the policy

Indemnity contract

A written contract may not be altered without the written consent of both parties.

Parol evidence rule

A contract that pays a stated amount in the event o f a loss. Example: A life insurance policy

Valued contract

Occurs when a claim is paid by the insurer who then acquires the right to take legal action against any negligent third party who may have caused the loss.

Subrogation


(life policies have no right of subrogation)

One party writes the contract, without the input from the other party. "take-it-or-leave-it" basis. Any doubt or ambiguity found in the document is construed in favor of the party that did not write it (insured).

Contract of Adhesion

The exchange of value is unequal.

Aleatory contract

Owner cannot transfer or assign ownership of an insurance policy (property & casualty) to another person

Personal contract

Only one party is legally bound tot he contractual obligations after the premium is paid to the insurer.

Unilateral contract

Both parties must perform certain duties and follow rules of conduct to make the contract enforceable

Conditional contract

The two parties rely upon the statements and promises of the other and assume no attempt to conceal or deceive has been made.

Utmost Good faith

Statements made by the applicant on the application are considered _______ and not warranties. They are believed to be true to the best of the knowledge and belief of the applicant at the time of application.

Representations

A false statement contained in the application; usually does not void coverage or the policy, if it is immaterial.

Misrepresentations

Statements in the application or stipulations in the policy that are guaranteed true in all respects.

Warranties

The willful holding back or secretion of material facts pertinent to the issuance of insurance.

Concealment

Intentional deception of the truth in order to induce another to part with something of value or to surrender a legal right.

Fraud

Voluntary surrender of a known right, claim or privilege; example: insurer's failure to obtain an answer to an unanswered question in its application for insurance prior to issuing the policy, thus waiving right to contest a claim based on the information it failed to obtain.

Waiver

Judicial denial of a contractual right based on prior actions contrary to what the contract requires.

Estoppel

Underwriting factors include:

1. Age


2. Gender


3. Tobacco


4. Medical history and preexisting conditions


5. Hazardous hobbies and occupations

The dollar amount charged for a particular unit of insurance, such as $5 per $1000 insurance.

Rate

The total cost for the amount of insurance purchased.

Premium


Example: $50,000 of coverage = $5 rate x 50 (per $1000 of insurance) for a $250 premium

A person making application for himself/herself or another to be insured under an insurance contract. May be the insured, owner or both.

Applicant

A document that is used to collect information provided by the applicant/insured for underwriting purposes. After the policy is issued, any unanswered questions are considered waived by the insurer.

Application

One or more "persons" named in the policy to receive the policy's benefits if the insured dies while the contract is in force.

Beneficiary

The relationship that must exist between the applicant and the insured, at the time of application and policy issuance, in order for the contract to be valid.

Insurable interest

The individual who has the ownership rights in a policy.

Policyowner


(policyowner and insured are not necessarily the same.)

Any changes made to a policy must be approved by _________ in writing with his/her signature

The policyowner

Prossessing a license solely for the purpose of writing business on one's own self, immediate family, relatives, employer, and employees.

Controlled Business

A policy owned by a person other than the insured.

Third-party ownership

Insured's age on the policy issue date

Issue Age

Insured's age at any point in time typically used at renewal or conversion

Attained Age

The date when insurance coverage begins

Effective Date

The date in which insurance coverage ends

Expiration Age

It spreads out the result of financial loss caused by death among many persons, so the cost for each individual is small

Principal of Life Insurance

All of the following are examples of a third-party ownership, Except:




1. J is named as the owner and beneficiary of G's policy


2. S applies for a policy on herself and names her husband as the beneficiary


3. T applies for and owns his 2-year old son's policy, but names his wife beneficiary


4. J applies for his life insurance policy and names his trust as the owner and beneficiary

2. S applies for a policy on herself and names her husband as the beneficiary

A business owner buys a life policy on his own life. He may be all of the following except:




1. Owner


2. Applicant


3. Beneficiary


4. Insured

Beneficiary

Regarding Advertising, Producers are governed under the rules and regulations referred to as ________________ with regard to what they can and cannot use or say when soliciting insurance.

Unfair Trade Practices

Companies must update their "Do not call registry" at least once every _____

31 days

Telephone solicitation calls to your home before ___ and after ___ are prohibited.

8am and 9pm

What must be done when a telephone solicitation call to you home is made?

Must provide his/her name, the name of the entity on whose behalf the call is being made, and a telephone number or address at which you may contact that entity.

Producers are required to provide all prospective buyers the following:

1. Buyer's guide


2. Policy summary

A generic brochure developed by the NAIC to assist prospective buyers of life insurance. Descriptions of all basic types of life insurance as well as comparative costs of each are offered.

Buyer's guide

What does the Policy summary normally consist of?

1. Premiums to be paid along with current and guaranteed interest rates.


2. The guaranteed and non-guaranteed cash value and if any, projected dividends.


3. Surrender values and other guaranteed data pertaining to the policy


4. Producer's his/her name and address along with the address of the insurance company.

The act of saving or keeping an existing policy and preventing it from being replaced

Conservation

Producer's responsibilities regarding Policy replacement include:

1. Completing a Notice regarding replacement which must be signed by the applicant and producer


2. Obtain information regarding any existing policies, including the names of the existing insurers and policy numbers


3. Provided copies of the Notice regarding replacement and any sales proposals to the applicant and replacing insurer

Regarding Policy replacement, the replacing insurer's responsibilities include:

1. Upon receiving proper notification with the application, the replacing insurer must notify the existing insurer of the planned replacement


2. Maintain copies of the info regarding replacement for a specified period of time.

Regarding Policy replacement, the insurer responsible for issuing the new policy is known as?

Replacing insurer



Regarding Policy replacement, the insurer who issued the policy to be replaced is known as?

Existing insurer



Who must sign the application

Both applicant and producer


(the applicant is representing that statements on the app are true. If applicant is a minor, a guardian must sign the application)

Whenever an answer to a question needs to be corrected on an application, the insurer may require?

The applicant to initial the change or have the producer complete a new application

The Producer's primary underwriting role is

to make sure the application provides proper information for the insurer.

If a premium is paid, coverage will be in effect the date of application or completion of the medical exam, whichever is later, If the policy would have been issued as applied for, unless it is declined within a stipulated period of time.

Conditional receipt

If premium is paid, coverage will begin immediately for a specific length of time regardless of whether the applicant is ultimately approved by the insurer.

Binding Receipt


(also known as a temporary insurance agreement)

The coverage becomes effective at application approval. If the company doesn't approve the application, coverage was never in effect.

Acceptance (approval) conditional receipt

The date when insurance coverage begins

Effective date


(may also be known as inception date)

An application submitted without a premium. The policy would not take effect until the policy is issued by the insurer, delivered by the agent and the premium is paid.

Trial application

Who is required to sign a completed application:




1. The producer


2. The beneficiary


3. Any insurance company officer


4. The producer's manager

1. the producer

An applicant for life insurance realizes several days later that she may have answered a question about a health issue incorrectly. What should she do?

Contact either her agent or the insurance company and make sure they have the correct information

True or False:




Insurance companies may refuse to issue a policy to individuals based on positive HIV test results

True. However, applicants must consent to be tested for HIV and be informed that testing for HIV may determine insurability.

Insurance covering the liability of a producer or agency, typically written with a deductible to control the number of claim occurrences, which, in turn, reduces the frequency. Claims are filed due to client reports (complaints) and for a number of reasons.

Errors and Omissions

Two common complaints covered by Errors and Omissions insurance are:

1. Inadequacy


2. Negligence

Failing to obtain proper type or amount of coverage for a client

Inadequacy

Quoting inflated information or misrepresenting a plan of coverage neglecting the effect the information might have on the client at a later date. Is an example of:

negligence

Information from a third party collected by the insurance company in the application for insurance and during underwriting of the policy may be subject to the jurisdiction of the

Fair credit reporting act

The process of selection, classification, and rating, determining if someone is insurable, classifying the risk, and determining the rate or premium to be charged.

Underwriting

Sources of underwriting include:

1. application


2. medical exams


3. attending physicians exam


4. medical information bureau


5. inspection report


6. Agent's report

The application consists of what two parts

Part 1- general questions about he applicant, such as sex/gender, marital status, residence, date of birth, occupation, and past and present life insurance




Part 2- questions pertaining to medical background, past and present health, any medical visits, hospitalizations, or surgeries in recent years, medical status of immediate family members, and age and causes of their death

Conducted by physicians or nurses who provide results of an examination and information regarding the applicant's present health

Medical examinations


(are the insurer's expense)

Used in cases in which the individual application and/or medical reports reveal conditions of which more information is required.

Attending Physician Statement (APS)


(Applicant must sign written release to enable a release of the APS, Insurer pays for this)

What is the primary purpose of the Medical Information Bureau (MIB)

to collect adverse medical information about an applicant's health.


(member owned corp. operates on a not-for-profit basis in U.S. and Canada)

These services "alert" underwriters to errors, omissions or misrepresentations made on insurance applications, and may help lower the cost of life and health insurance for consumers.

Medical Information Bureau (MIB)

A general report of the applicant's finances, character, morals, work, hobbies, and other habits. Can be completed by the insurer or a third party provider. Applicant must be made aware of any information gathering and has rights provided under FCRA

Inspection Report


(also referred to as a Consumer Investigative Report)

A personal statement submitted by the producer to insurer regarding applicant's financial condition, any personal knowledge of the applicant, etc. The information remains confidential between the producer and the insurer, and it does not become part of the entire contract.

Agent's report

It is ultimately who's responsibility to determine if individuals meet all the underwriting requirements set forth by the insurer.

Home office underwriter's

A policy requested when the applicant's age, medical history or amount of coverage does not require a medical examination for underwriting. Health questions are asked by the producer and are the only medical information required.

Nonmedical application

Upon receipt of the necessary information, such as the application, medical exam, blood and urine test results, etc., the home office underwriters analyze the information and determine if the applicant is an acceptable risk.

Rating applicants


(If acceptable, underwriters then determine the classification to be used in the calculation of the premium)

Individuals who bear the same health, habits, sex/gender, and occupational characteristics as those reflected in the mortality table (average life expectancy)

Standard risks

Individuals who meet certain requirements and qualify for lower premiums, such as ideal health, height and weight

Preferred risks

Individuals who are not acceptable at standard rates because of bad health, bad habits, at risk hobbies or at risk occupations and are issued "rated policies"

Substandard risks (Higher risk exposure)

Examples of "rated Policies" are:

1. The Lien Plan


2. The rated-up age


3. The flat rate


4. The tabular rate

Initially, only the premium would be refunded in case of death. The death benefit increases over time with the full face amount eventually payable. This is generally used with Senior life insurance plans to provide minimal benefits without a medical examination.

The Lien Plan (graded)

Rates an insured at older than actual age

Rated-up age

A constant dollar amount added to the standard rate per $1000 of coverage.

Flat Rate


(If the standard premium is $25 annually for $1000 of insurance, with a flat rate of $5/$1000 added to the standard premium the new total premium per $1000 is now $30.)

Classified to the extent of impairment according to the tables used.

Tabular rate

A decision that the risk is one for which the insurer refuses to issue insurance. In this case the applicant is deemed uninsurable.

Declined

A person trained in the technical aspects of insurance and related fields, particularly in mathematics and probabilities. Determines the probability of loss and sets the premium rates for the insurer.

Actuary

When calculating premium rates, life insurers assume that all:

Premiums are paid in advance of the period of coverage, premiums will be invested and earn interest, claims are paid at the end of the year

Premiums are based on:

expected mortality, interest, and expenses.

Interest earned on premiums assist in

Premium rate reduction

Mortality tables are used to

give the company a basic estimate of how much money it will need to pay for death claims each year.

The rate developed from studying and interpreting statistics developed from the deaths of millions over long periods of time.

Mortality rate

The amount charged to cover each policy's share of expenses of operation is called

Expense loading

The process of calculating Net Premium rate requires

1. The age and sex/gender of the insured and the benefits to be provided.


2. The mortality rate to be used and the rate of interest assumed

Additional charges are added to the net premium rate to enable an insurer to meet all costs under the contract, such as operating expenses, commissions, medical examination costs, etc. This is called

Gross Premium

When reviewing an application, the underwriter may find it necessary to reclassify the risk. How might this effect the premium

It could either increase or decrease the premium

The net premiums paid plus interest earned; reflect possible contract obligations. An amount representing actual or potential liabilities kept by an insurer to cover debts to policyholders. Usually treated as a liability.

Policy Reserves

Mortality cost formula

Mortality cost - interest (investment return) = net premium (pure rate)




Net premium + Loading (insurer expenses) = Gross premium

Which of these modes would result in the insured paying the least annual outlay for life insurance?




1. Annual


2. Payroll deduction


3. Automatic monthly bank draft


4. Monthly

1. Annual


Policy delivery will be accomplished by:

1. personal delivery, with signed receipt of delivery


2. Registered or certified mail with a signed receipt of delivery


3. Deliver by reasonable means, as determined by the commissioner, director, or superintendent of insurance

Providing funds for surviving spouses and dependents

Survivor protection

Providing large sums of money for dependents and beneficiaries

Estate creation

Provides money to pay any estate taxes or loans which must be satisfied upon the death of the estate owner, (the insured) preserving the insured's estate

Estate conservation

An amount of cash accessible to the policyowner from within permanent life insurance policies

Cash Accumulation


(living benefits)

Immediate funds available upon death to pay creditors, taxes and final expenses as well as cash values available for policy loans, withdrawals, and full surrenders

Liquidity

A type of coverage with a small face amount, typically purchased to pay the burial expenses of the insured.

Pre-need plan

To help fund favorite charitable organizations upon the insured's death

Charities

Properly owned and properly named beneficiaries will allow for payment of death benefits directly to the beneficiaries, bypassing the probate process

Privacy

Peace of mind knowing that future insurability is not an issue and benefits will be in place so long as the required premiums are paid

Security

If the policy was purchased prior to creditor issues, the policy's values are normally exempt from any creditor claims.

Exemption from creditor claims/probate

A terminally ill insured/owner selling his/her policy to a third party for less than the death benefit but more than the cash values in order to obtain funds when no other sources are readily available.

Viatical settlements

Personal uses of life insurance may be said to do which of the following?




1. Creates an insurable interest


2. Creates an immediate estate


3. Provides protection against living too long


4. Compensates a business for a death of a key person

2. Creates an immediate estate

These terms describe investors, producers, or brokers with absolutely no personal or business connection with a person, who induce a purchase of a life insurance policy with the sole intent of selling that policy to institutional investors for an amount less than the death benefit but greater than the policy's cash value.

Stranger Originated life insurance (STOLI) and Investor Originated life insurance (IOLI)

This approach is a measure of the projected future earnings and services of a person at risk in the event of a premature death.

Human life value approach

Human Life Value Approach uses what factors?

Individual's age and gender, occupation, individual's annual wage and employment benefits (net annual income), individual's planned retirement age, personal and financial info of family members living at home.

Determines a need for coverage upon the premature death of an individual. Always assumes the death of the individual to be immediate.

Needs Analysis Approach (an itemized list)

Needs Analysis Approach takes what factors into consideration to determine proper coverage amount needed

Calculate all financial needs caused by an immediate death, provide lifetime income to spouse, pay off a mortgage, provide funds for children's education, emergency reserve fund could be part of calculation, subtracts any assets available to fund financial needs after death

Assumes both principal and interest are liquidated over the relevant time period to provide the required income for the dependents

Capital Liquidation

Assumes the desired income will be generated by the investment earnings only, thus retaining or conserving the principal or capital investment

Capital retention/conservation

When determining an appropriate amount of life insurance, a producer takes into consideration the existing mortgage and other debt, future education expenses for the client's children and continuing income for his surviving spouse. This approach is known as:

Needs analysis

An insurance plan normally owned by an employer, creditor or association, under which coverage is provided for the employees, debtors or members. Makes up over 40% of all life insurance policies.

Group policies

The grace period for group insurance is ____ days

31

May be of any classification or type of insurance. May also build or preserve an estate or provide a living benefit for the terminally ill.

Individual

Any type of life insurance that is not group, industrial or government insurance.

Ordinary life insurance

Synonymous with debit life insurance and makes up only about .03% of the life insurance today. Small policies, normally $350 to $1000, were originally sold to pay funeral expenses.

Industrial (home service)

A life insurance policy that remains in force to age 100 or beyond, and does not require to be renewed. Provides living benefits for the policyowner or insured by way of its cash values.

Permanent

Lowest of premium outlay and designed for someone with a large insurance need but with limited cash flow. Written to cover a short period of time. Does not build cash value.

Term

A class of policy marketed by a mutually owned company. Dividends may be paid to the policyowner when they are declared by the board of directors.

Participating

A policy marketed by a stock insurer.

Nonparticipating

The policy has a fixed amount of coverage, benefits and premium. Without riders, future inflationary trends will cause the purchasing power of the policy's' benefits to be reduced

Fixed

These policies assist the insured during inflationary periods with the changing needs of the policyowner and insured.

Flexible

A policy introduced in the 1970's that uses separate accounts for the cash value accumulation. A security license is required to sell this policy

Variable

Characteristics unique to Variable Stock market products:

Uses separate accounts in the stock market, Requires 2 licenses to sell, insured bears all investment risks, considered a hedge against inflation

The maturity date or time at which the policy's cash value equals the face amount and the proceeds are paid to the policyowner.

Endow (Mature)

The death benefit amount payable on a life insurance policy. In other words, the amount of coverage the policy provides. Sometimes referred to as limit of liability

Face amount

Money accumulated in a permanent policy which the policyowner may borrow as a policy loan or receive if the policy is surrendered before it matures.

Cash value


(living benefit)

An added benefit attached to the policy that modifies existing coverage. Usually added at the time of application and typically requires an increase in premium

Rider

When a whole life policy endows, what happens to the policy cash value?

The face amount of the policy is paid to the policyowner

What is the face amount of insurance

The limit of liability

Temporary life insurance for a specified period of time.

Term insurance

Which of the following is not a feature of Term life insurance?



1. Cash surrender value


2. Low cost


3. Limited duration


4. Pure protection


1. Cash surrender value

The death benefit remains level and the premiums remain level during the policy term.

Level


(Most group life insurance is written with a level term death benefit

The death benefit decreases, but premiums usually remain level for the policy term; often utilized to pay off outstanding mortgage balances. If the insured dies the proceeds of the policy can be used to pay off the mortgage.

Decreasing


(often such policies are sold as "mortgage redemption" or "Credit Life insurance")

A special form of decreasing term. Unlike the standard decreasing term policy, this insurance automatically names the creditor as the beneficiary. The policy cannot be written for more than the outstanding debt, since that is the limit of the creditor's insurable interest. Once the loan is paid, the policy ends.

Credit life insurance

Although credit life insurance (term) can be obtained as an individual, how is it usually sold?

On a group basis to a creditor, such as a bank, finance company or a company selling high priced items on the installment plan. D

Debts generally covered in a Credit life insurance policy include:

1. Personal loans


2. Loans to cover the purchase of appliances, motor vehicles, mobile homes, farm equipment


3. Educational loans


4. Bank credit and revolving check loans


5. Mortgage loans. etc.

The death benefit increases over the life of the policy while the premiums remain level. This type of term is normally written as a rider for the return of premium on a permanent policy over a set number of years.

Increasing

An existing term life insurance policy may be exchanged typically one timer for a new life policy on

The re-entry date

The simplest form of term life insurance is for a term of

one year

What are the characteristics of an Annually renewable term

1. For a term of one year


2. Death benefit remains level and the premiums increase yearly as the policy renews


3. Over time can become cost prohibitive.


4. Death benefit is paid by insurer if insured dies only while the policy was in force.

A life insurance policy that undergoes a simplified underwriting process that does not require a medical exam to issue.

Simplified issue


(typically they offer face amounts of $250,000 or less in coverage)

A "level term" policy means that the _______ remains the same throughout the lifetime of the policy, including any renewal periods.

Policy proceeds

Policy proceeds are also known as

Death benefit or face amount of insurance.

In _____ _____, at each renewal the premium will increase based on the age of the insured.

Term Life

The ____ ____ of insurance is gross premium minus the insurer's expenses and profit and without adjustment for interest earnings on reserves.

Pure cost

A benefit that will renew the contract on the renewal date without evidence of insurability.

Renewable

Characteristics of Renewable contract

1. May be one, five, ten, or twenty year renewable contract.


2. Premiums increase at beginning of each renewal period


3. Renewal premium based upon attained age.

Renewability is important because the risk is

that the insured's health may deteriorate and may be unable to obtain a policy at the same rates or even at all, leaving the insured without coverage.

The right to convert the existing term policy to a permanent policy without evidence of insurability during the conversion period specified in the contract.

Convertible


(premium can be based upon attained age or issue age)

Why are premiums higher when a policy is converted from a Term to Permanent policy?

The permanent policy will provide a cash value and coverage can last to age 100 or beyond.

Group life is usually written as Term and is both _____ and ____.

Renewable and convertible


(a term policy without these options would cost less than one that does)

The greatest advantages of term insurance are

the convertible and renewable provisions that may be exercised without any proof of insurability.

Whole life insurance is permanent protection that mutures at the insured's age of

100


(At that point the cash value equals the face amount and is paid)

When does a policy mature

When the face amount equals the cash value

The grace period for late premiums is typically

31 days

If premiums have not been paid during the grace period, the policy will..

Become extended term insurance for a specified number of years and days as listed on the non-forfeiture table in the policy

The policy conditions represent the obligations of?

Both the insured and the insurer

A life insurance policy is a unilateral contract because?

Only the insurance company is bound to live up to its side of the agreement.

Applicant does not provide honest disclosure on the application as required in the contract and the agent also does not describe the terms of the contract fully. Which doctrine applies?

Utmost good faith

True of false:




Social insurance provides equal benefits to all citizens that contribute.

True


If an insurance agency has a salaried agent that sells insurance policies, this type of agency would be considered a/an:

Managerial agency system

Factors that can affect premiums for life insurance policies can include?

Mortality rate, investment experience, and the insurer's operating expenses and contributions to surplus.


(cost of living has no effect in computing premiums)

A written statement or oral statement which is false

Misrepresentation

Insurance coverages that cannot be obtained from any authorized insurers in a state, may be purchased from?

an unauthorized insurer as surplus lines

A company owned by stockholders that does not pay dividends to policyholders is considered

Nonparticipating

The fair credit reporting act guarantees

Applicants' right to information held about them by any reporting agency

If a policy is written with unclear definitions, conditions and provisions which are hidden in the contract, and the insured files a law suit. In the court of law, the contract would be construed in favor of the insured because it is a

Contract of adhesion

The date when insurance coverage begins

Effective date

A application submitted without a premium, where the policy would not take effect until the policy is issued by the insurer, delivered by the agent, and premium is paid, is known as

Trial application


Parts of a life insurance application

Part 1- General section


Part 2- Medical section


Part 3- Agents reprot

Used in cases in which the individual application and/or medical reports reveal conditions of which more information is required. Written release is required by applicant.

Attending physician statement (APS)

General report of applicant's finances, character, morals, work hobbies, and other habits.

Inspection report

A policy requested when the applicant's age, medical history, or amount of coverage does not require a medical examination for underwriting.

Nonmedical application

What are the classifications of risk

Standard risk


Preferred risks


Substandard risks


Declined

Individuals bear the same health, habits, sex/gender, and occupational characteristics as those reflected in the mortality table

Standard risk

Individuals who meet certain requirements and qualify for lower premiums, such as ideal weight, health, and height.

Preferred risk

Higher risk exposure. Not acceptable at standard rates because of bad health.

Substandard risk

Types of substandard risk rates

The lien plan


Rated-up plan


Flat rate


Tabular rate

Initially, only premium would be refunded in cases of death. Benefit increases over time with the full face amount eventually payable

Lien plan

Rates an insured at older than actual age

Rated-up age

A constant dollar amount added to the standard rate per $1000 of coverage.

Flat rate

Classified to the extent of impairment according to the tables used

Tabular rate

Factors in Premium determination

Mortality, Interest, expense

Life expectancy rates

Higher age = higher mortality rate


younger age = lower mortality rate


males = higher mortality rate


females = lower mortality rate

Takes into account interest and mortality factors only

Net premiums

Additional charges are added to the net premium rate to enable the insurer to meet all costs under the contract.

Gross premium

An amount representing the actual or potential liabilities kept by an insurer to cover debts to policyholders. Treated as a liability

policy reserve

Mortality cost formula

Mortality cost - Interest = Net premium (pure rate)




Net Premium + Loading (insurer expenses) = Gross premium

What basis are premiums calculated on?

Annual basis

The more frequently the premiums are paid the ________ __________ the mode of payment

More expensive

Provides funds for surviving spouses and dependents

Survivor protection

Proved money to pay any estate taxes or loans which must be satisfied upon the death of the estate owner

Estate conservation

Providing large sums of money for dependents and beneficiaries

Estate creation

An amount of cash accessible to the policyowner from within permanent life insurance policies.

Cash Accumulation

Immediate funds available upon death to pay creditors, taxes and final expenses as well as cash values available for policy loans, withdrawals, and full surrenders

Liquidity

A type of coverage with a small face amount, typically purchased to pay the burial expenses of the insured.

Pre-need plan

A terminally ill insured/owner selling his/her policy to a third party for less than the death benefit but more than the cash values in order to obtain funds when no other sources are readily available

Viatical settlements

Investors, producers, or brokers with no personal or business connections with a person, who induce a purchase of life insurance policy with the sole intent of selling that policy to institutional investors for an amount less than the death benefit but greater than the policy's cash value.

Stranger originated life insurance (STOLI)

Personal uses of life insurance may be said to

Create an immediate estate


This approach is a measure of the projected future earnings and services of a person at risk in the event of premature death.

Human life value approach

Factors used in Human Life approach

Age, gender, occupation, and annual wage and employment benefits. (always uses the net annual income), planned retirement age, and personal and financial information of family members living in home

This approach determines a need for coverage upon the premature death of an individual. Always assumes the death of individual to be immediate and factors itemized list of items into arriving at the proper amount.

Needs approach approach

When considering an appropriate amount of life insurance, a producer takes into consideration the existing mortgage and other debt, future education expenses for the client's children and continuing income for his surviving spouse. This approach is known as?

The Needs analysis approach

An insurance plan normally owned by an employer, creditor or association, under which coverage is provided for employees, debtors or members.

Group insurance

Over _____ % of life insurance in force int he U.S. is group insurance

40


Group coverage is normally written on a ____ _____ basis providing no cash value or living benefits as found in individual cash value policies.

Renewable term

Upon retirement, group coverage can be converted to an ________ ______ life insurance plan without having to prove insurability.

Individual permanent

In group plans, ____% participation is required if employees are required to participate in sharing premiums.

75

In group plans, ____% participation is required if the employer pays the entire premium

100

Grace period for group insurance is

31 days

Premiums for group insurance are based on

Average age of group

This Insurance type may be of any classification or type of insurance. May build or preserve an estate or provide a living benefit for the terminally ill, and leave the decision of keeping the policy up to the policyowner.

Individual Life insurance

Any type of life insurance that is not group, industrial or government insurance.

Ordinary life insurance

Synonymous with debt life insurance and makes up only about .03% of the life insurance today. Normally $250-$1000, originally sold to pay funeral expenses.

Industrial (home service) life insurance.

A life insurance policy that remains in force to age 100 or beyond, does not require renewal, premium is always higher than term policy at issuance, provides living benefits for policyowener or insured by way of cash values.

Permanent life insurance

Lowest of premium outlay and design for someone with a large insurance need but limited cash flow. Written to cover a short period of time, does not build cash value. Typically used to cover Mortgages, short term obligations, or for younger couples with one or more children

Term life insurance

A class of policy marketed by a mutually owned company. Dividends may be paid.

Participating

A policy marketed by a stock insurer.

Nonparticipating

This policy has a fixed amount of coverage, benefits and premium.

Fixed

These policies assist the insured during inflationary periods with the changing needs of the policyowner and insured.

Flexible

A policy introduced in 1970 that uses separate accounts for the cash value accumulation. Securities license is required to sell this policy. Policyowner takes the investment risk of the policy. There is no guarantee of return and down markets can cause significant loss of policy value.

Variable

Unique characteristics of Variable stock market products are:

Separate accounts in the stock market


Requires 2 license to sell


Insured bears all risk


Considered a hedge against inflation

A single policy issued to a business to cover the lives of employees is what type of insurance

Group life insurance

If premium is paid, coverage will be in effect the date of application or completion of the medical exam, whichever is later, if the policy would have been issued as applied for, unless it is declined within a stipulated period of time

Conditional receipt

If premium is paid, coverage will begin immediately for a specific length of time regardless of whether the applicant is ultimately approved by the insurer.

Binding receipt, also known as Temp insurance agreement

This coverage becomes effective at application approval. If company doesn't approve the application, coverage was never in effect.

Acceptance (approval) conditional receipt

The maturity date or time at which the policy's cash value equals the face amount and the proceeds are paid to the policyholder

Endow

The death benefit amount payable on the life insurance policy. The amount of coverage the policy provides

Face amount

Money accumulated in a permanent policy which the policyowner may borrow as a policy loan or receive if the policy is surrendered before it matures.

Cash value

An added benefit attached to the policy that modifies existing coverage. A rider is usually added at the time of application and typically requires an increase in premium

Rider

When a whole life policy endows, what happens to the policy cash value?

The face amount of the policy is paid to the policyowner

What is the face amount of insurance

The limit of liability

Temporary life insurance for a specified period of time that does not have a cash value.

Term Life insurance

Would rates be higher for a 10 year level term, or a 5 year level term?

10 year level term

What are the characteristics of Level term insurance.

Death benefits and premiums remain level during the policy term. Most group life insurance is written with level term death benefit

What are the characteristics of Decreasing life term life insurance

Death benefits decrease, but premiums remain level for the policy term. Utilized to pay off outstanding mortgage balances

What are two examples of decreasing life insurance

Credit life insurance and Mortgage redemption

What are the characteristics of Increasing term insurance

The death benefit increases as the premium remains level. Normally written as a rider for the return of premium on a permanent policy over set number of years.

An existing term life policy may be exchanged typically one time for a new term life policy on this date.

Re-Entry term

How are premiums based on Re-Entry term insurance

Based on Attained age, rates in effect by insurer at the time of re-entry, and premium class approved by the company.

What are the characteristics of Annually Renewable term insurance?

Simplest form of term life insurance is for one year. Death benefits remain level, and premiums increase yearly as the policy renews.

The life insurance policy that undergoes a simplified underwriting process that does not require a medical exam to issue.

Simplified issue- typically offers face amounts of $250,000 or less

A benefit that will renew the contract on the renewal date without evidence of insurability.

Renewable- premium is based on attained age.

The right to convert the existing term policy to a permanent policy without evidence of insurability during a specified period in the contract.

Convertible

Group life insurance is typically written as?

Term life insurance and is both renewable and convertible.

The greatest advantages of term insurance are?

They are convertible, and renewable provisions that may be exercised without any proof of insurability.

A level term policy means that the ________ remains the same throughout the lifetime of the policy, including any renewal periods.

Policy proceeds

Permanent protection that matures at the insured's age of 100.

Whole life

What are the characteristics of Interest sensitive- current assumption whole life insurance

Premiums may fluctuate due to current int. rates, Provides guaranteed death benefit, Cash value growth may fluctuate due to current int. rates.

What are the characteristics of Universal life insurance

Adjustable face amount- with insurability, Flexible premiums- by policyowner, Target premium based on guaranteed minimum death benefit, monthly mortality charges are deducted, annual renewable term, expense charges deducted monthly

How is the cash value account calculated in universal life insurance

Premiums + Interest added, Expenses, loans or withdrawals, and mortality charges are deducted.

What are the characteristics of Variable whole life insurance?

Fixed premiums, general acct vs. separate acct, Guaranteed minimum death benefit (general acct, Variable cash value and death benefit in separate acct. No guarantee of minimum return cash value on separate acct. (owner assumes all risk)

Characteristics of Variable universal life insurance

Combination of variable and universal ins., Flexible premiums and adj. death benefits, 2 death benefit options, Separate acct show actual investment participation with no guaranteed return, no guaranteed minimum death benefit.

What is a Jumping juvenile policy

Automatically increases in face amount at a specified age.

What are the characteristics of Joint life: first to die

Covers two or more lives, death benefit paid upon first death, premiums based upon joint age, written on a whole life policy

Characteristics of Joint survivorship life: last to die

Written on two lives, death benefits paid at last insured's death, written on whole life policy, used to cover estate taxes, rates lower than 2 policies

Waiver of premium rider characteristics

total disability waives premiums, typical waiting period of 3 to 6 months before rider activates. Premiums must continue to be paid until active date, at which time customer will be reimbursed.

Waiver of Payor's premium (payor benefit) rider

Typically used with Juvenile policies, premium waived if the premium payor becomes disabled or dies. Payor must qualify for rider.

Disability income riders

Insured receives a monthly income if disabled. Benefits paid reduce the death benefit

Waiver of cost of insurance rider

Waives deduction of monthly cost and expenses if disabled. Associated with universal and variable universal life (flexible premium policies)

Term riders

Can be added to any whole life policy as additional temporary insurance. Often used as mortgage protection to cover decreasing debt)

Accidental death benefit rider

Double or triple the face amount if death was accidental. Based on face amount of the policy. Death must occur within 90 days of the accident

Accidental death and dismemberment rider

Pays Principal sum if death by accident. Pays capital sum for single limb dismemberment, and 2x capital sum for double dismemberment. Must occur within 90 days of accident.

Guaranteed insurability

Allows insured to purchase additional stated amounts of insurance without proof of insurability, every 3 years. premiums based on attained age

Return of premium rider

If insured dies within term, benefits include the face amount plus a return of premiums. Increasing term rider

Return of cash value

If insured dies within term, benefits include the face amount plus cash value. Term rider equals cash value

Cost of living rider

Increasing term that increases with the consumer price index. Adj are made annually with no evidence of insurability

Living need rider

Allows early payment of a portion of the face amount if insured becomes terminally ill. Could include nursing home and dread disease benefits

Long term care rider

Provides long term care benefits int he form of a rider. Any payment is an acceleration of the life ins. death benefit, amount of protection is determined when the policy is purchased, benefits are income tax free after meeting the qualifying requirements

Characteristics of whole life insurance

Permanent protection to age 100, builds cash value and non-forfeiture values, policy matures when cash value=face value, level premium and face amount

Straight whole life

Fixed, level premiums for the life of policy.

Limited pay whole life

Fixed, level premiums for a limited number of years

Single premium whole life

One lump sum premium at the start of the policy

Characteristics of Adj. life policies

Adj time period of coverage, adj. benefit can be increased with insurability, adj. premium can be increased or decreased, adj. cash value growth (term vs perm)

Benefits provided in the policy as part of the contract without an additional charge

Provision

Provisions that provide choices which must be specified by the policyowner

Options

Entire contract clause

Policy, riders, copy of application must be in writing and attached

Incontestability clause

Insurer cannot contest a claim based on material misstatements of fraud in the application after 2 years

Insuring clause

Identifies the parties, perils, and promises of the contract

Consideration clause

Payment that is made in exchange for the contract: something of value


(includes amount and frequency, or mode of payment)

Privilege of change clause

Allows an insured to change any policy to any other policy of any type as long as the new policy has a higher premium, without proof of insurability

Suicide clause

2 year time limit from policy issue before death due to suicide is covered. Premiums will be refunded to beneficiary if insured commits suicide within 1st 2 years.

Ownership provision

States party who has all rights to cash, loan values, dividends and other benefits is the owner of the policy

Assignment provision

Transfer of ownership rights




Collateral - temporary (partial) typically used as collateral on a loan.




Absolute - Permanent (entire face amount) owner of policy names a new owner

Misstatement of age or sex provision

Treated as correctable mistakes. Benefits will be adjusted according to what premiums paid would have purchased at correct age or sex

Free look provision

Allows the insured to return policy for a full refund typically within 10 days of receipt of policy.

Conditions specifically not covered

Exclusions




Aviation


Military


war clause


hazardous occupation/hobbies


suicide

Time period after the premium due date before the policy lapses

Grace period

Automatic premium loan provision

Enables the insurer to automatically borrow from the cash value to cover a premium payment to prevent the contract from lapsing. Must be selected by owner, does not cost additional premium

Reinstatement

Allows the owner to bring the policy up to date if it has lapsed due to nonpayment. Allowed typically within 3 years of lapse

Cash loans

Outstanding loans will be deducted from the face amount, plus interest if insured dies before loan repaid

Revocable beneficiary provision

Beneficiary can be changed at any time. Beneficiary has no rights in the policy

Irrevocable beneficiary policy

Once named as irrevocable, beneficiary cannot be changed unless they die or give written consent. Owner of policy may need consent of beneficiary before exercising some owner's rights

First in line to receive benefits

Primary beneficiary

Receives proceeds if primary beneficiary dies before insured

Contingent

Third in line to receive benefits if primary and contingent predecease insured

Tertiary

Denies the beneficiary the right to assign his/her interest in the policy proceeds.


(cannot use expected benefits as collateral for loan)

Spendthrift clause

Interest only settlement option

Beneficiary will receive fixed interest payments while death benefit is held for future payout. Monthly payment is taxed.

Fixed amount settlement option

Pays specified dollar amount monthly until death benefit is paid out. Interest earned is taxable

Fixed period settlement option

Pays for a guaranteed period of time. Interest earned is taxable and increases monthly benefit

Life income only settlement option

Guaranteed income for lifetime of recipient paid as an annuity

Life income period certain settlement option

Guaranteed for life of recipient or specified period of time, whichever is longer

Life income joint and survivor

Guaranteed for lifetime of both recipients. One check is made out to both recipients. If one dies payments continue until the other dies

Joint life

Guaranteed to 2 or more recipients, payments cease when first one dies

Nonforfeiture options

Reduced paid up


Extended term


Cash surrender

A contract that is designed to protect against outliving retirement income by providing a stream of income to a designated person

Annuity

The person who is designated to receive the periodic income from the contract.

Annuitant

Annuity income is based on

Annuitant's age, gender, and life expectancy

Single premium immediate annuity layout

Funded with lump sum, payments are immediate. Skips the accumulation period, and annuitizes withing 1 year.

Single premium deferred annuity

Funded with lump sum. Payments are deferred. Annuitization will begin in future at least after 1 year.

Flexible premium deferred annuity

Funded with periodic payments, payments are deferred. Annuitization will begin in future at least after 1 year

Nonforfeiture values

Nonforfeiture values = Accumulation value - any surrender charges.


May be withdrawn prior to annuitization. Owner assumes no market risk with respect to account values Tax penalty applies to surrender before 59 1/2 years old

Bailout provision

If interest rate drops below a specific amount, annuity may be surrendered without surrender charges

Annuitization

Election to receive payments from annuity for life, or until a specified period depending on settlement option selected

Life income (pure or straight life) income option

Lifetime income to the annuitant - no beneficiary


(pays the most income for life of all payout options)

Life income period certain income option

Life income with a specified period. If annuitant dies during specified period beneficiary paid

Life income with refund (installment or cash) income option

Lifetime income to annuitant. Balance refunded to beneficiary in installments or lump sum when annuitant dies

Fixed annuities

Guaranteed minimum interest, insurer bears investment risk, fixed level income stream, purchasing power decreases as cost of living increases

Indexed annuities

Fixed annuities with interest rates linked to a stock index.

Market value adj. annuity

provide guaranteed interest rate, but will adj. rates based on market value of bonds supporting interest credited

Variable annuity

Deposits are made into separate account. No guaranteed return on investment. Contract owner bears investment risk.

Uses of annuities

1. Lump sum settlement


2. Retirement income


3. Structured settlement


4. Savings vehicle


5. Education fund


6. Long term care

Group insurance must be a _______ group formed for reason other than to purchase insurance at a lower rate.

Natural

Premium cost for group markets is determined by

characteristics of the group, such as average age, gender, and occupational risk

Who is issued the master policy in group insurance

Employer

In group insurance, what are employees issued as proof of insurance?

Certificates of insurance


(Evidence of insurability not normally required if members sign up during enrollment period)

Probationary period

Period of time employees must wait before enrolling in group insurance. Helps protect insurer from adverse selection

What stipulation is attached to "late enrollee" employees?

They must provide insurability

Most group insurance is renewable ____________

Annually

If an employee is terminated, they have ____ days conversion period without proof of insurability.

31

Employees who convert insurance from group policies, may convert to

Individual whole life policy

If employees pay a portion of the premium, the plan is a __________ plan, and _____% participation is required

Contributory, 75%

If employers pay premiums entirely, the plan is ___________ plan, and _____% participation is required

Noncontributory, 100%

Single employer group plan

May be a corporation, partnership, or sole proprietor.


Includes full time employees


No proof of insurability required if during open enrollment period


cannot be based on age or gender

Prohibits employers from turning funds over to union. Requires separate fund be set up for laborers

Taft-hartley act

Multiple employer trusts (METS)

Group of companies that form together to qualify for a lesser premium. Sponsored by 2 or more employers in a related field. Plan issued to a trustee to benefit the employees.


Example: Group of construction workers,, plumbers..

A Cross- purchase plan

When each party purchases insurance on each other. Protects business partners



Entity plan

Business owns policies on each party

Protects business against losses of a business if a key employee dies.

Key employee plan

Three parties involved are Policyowner, insured, and insurer. Policyowner is not insured.

Third party ownership

Examples of third party ownership

Buy-sell agreement, key person insurance, and parent on minor child policies

Characteristics of Social Security insurance

Funded by both employee and employer contributions, employer matches funds contributed by employee, Self-employed pay amount equal to both employee and employer contribution. Not fully funded. Provides minimal income for retirement

Fully insured

40 quarters


benefits: retirement, spousal retirement, dependent child, spouse of retired worker if caring for dependent child, widow or widower benefits, benefits for dependent parents

Currently insured requirements

at least 6 quarters during 13 quarter period ending in which he/she is entitled to benefits for child, mother or father benefits, and one time lump sum death benefit of $255

Survivor benefits

provide for widow or widower benefits until youngest child reaches age 16, at which time blackout period begins until he/she reaches age 60. One time death benefit of $255 to surviving spouse or child if eligible

Cost recovery rule formula

Cash value - Sum of premiums = equity (taxable amount)

This compares premiums paid for the policy during the first 7 years with 7 annual net level premiums

7-pay test

Modified endowment contracts

Name given to contract funded to quickly. MECs rules impose strict penalties to eliminate the use of life insurance as a short term savings vehicle.

Excess premiums may be returned for payments made into a MEC within _____ days after the end of the contract year

60

If contract is a Modified Endowment Contract (MEC) all cash value transactions are

subject to tax and a penalty


(funds are subject to 10% penalty on gains withdrawn prior to 59 1/2)

Provides that no gain or loss is recognized on certain exchanges between contracts.

Internal revenue code 1035



Types of 1035 exchanges

Life policy exchanged for another life policy, life policy exchanged for an annuity, annuity contract exchanged for another annuity.


(Annuity CANNOT be exchanged for life policy)

During the Accumulation phase of annuities, when is the annuitant taxed on earned interest?

Upon contract surrender or partial withdrawal.


(A 10% tax penalty may apply if withdrawn before age 59 1/2)

Beneficiary is subject to a taxation of earnings if

Owner dies during Accumulation phase

Who can contribute to an Individual Retirement Account (IRA)?

Anyone under age 70 1/2 with earned income

What will happen if payments from the IRA account are not started before age 70 1/2?

A 50% penalty on the amount that should have been withdrawn apply

Premature distributions of IRA before age 59 1/2 will incur

a 10% penalty unless certain qualifying events occur, such as long term disability, qualified first time home buyer, or excessive medical expenses

Characteristics of Roth IRA

Contributions are from after taxed dollars, and are not tax deductible. After 5 yrs and age 59 1/2 proceeds may be received tax free.

There is no age limit for contribution period and withdrawals are not required prior to age 70 1/2 for what type of IRA?

Roth IRA

Qualified retirement plans have the following characteristic

Cannot discriminate, penalty tax if withdrawn prior to 59 1/2, Employer contributions tax deductible as business expense, interest and earnings tax exempt year earned, employer contributions and earnings taxable to employee when received

Savings incentive match plan for employees (simple plan)

May be IRA or 401(k), Vested 100% immediately, must have 100 employees or less, eliminates high administration cost

Simplified employee pension

Employer contributes and deducts contributions as business expense, taxable upon receipt at retirement. (More popular now for self employed than KEOGH plans)

KEOGH Self employed plans

For self employed. Contributions are deductible based on limits

401(k)

Elective deferral plan (salary reduction), defined as contribution plan, employer may match.

403(b) tax-sheltered annuities

Employees of nonprofit organizations such as school employees, qualified non profit under code 501(c)(3). All money invested and interest earned is tax-deferred