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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A period of the life course between the time puberty beginsand the time adult status is approached, when young people arein the process of preparing to take on the roles and responsibilities ofadulthood in their culture |
adolescence |
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Late 19th century group, led by G. Stanley Hall,that advocated research on child and adolescent development and theimprovement of conditions for children and adolescents in the family,school, and workplace |
child study movement |
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A set of beliefs asserting that it is important for persons to mute their individual desires in order to contribute to the well-beingand success of the group |
collectivism |
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Written statement provided by a researcher to potentialparticipants in a study, informing them of who is conducting the study,the purposes of the study, and what their participation would involve,including potential risks. |
consent form |
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Questionnaire format that entails choosing from specific responses provided for each question. |
closed question |
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In experimental research, the group that does not receive the treatment. |
control group |
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A correlation is a predictable relationshipbetween two variables, such that knowing one of the variables makes itpossible to predict the other. However, just because two variables arecorrelated does not mean that one causes the other. |
correlation versus causation |
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Hindu belief that people are born into a particular castebased on their moral and spiritual conduct in their previous life. A person’scaste then determines their status in Indian society. |
caste system |
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Countries that are passed through a period of industrialization and are now based mainly on services (such as law, banking, sales, and accounting) and information (such as computer-related companies). |
developed countries |
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Countries that are becoming industrialized |
developing countries |
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Twins with about half their genotype in common,the same as for other siblings. Also known as fraternal twins. |
dizygotic (DZ) twins |
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Period from roughly ages 18 to 25 in industrialized countries during which young people become more independent fromparents and explore various life possibilities before making enduringcommitments. |
emerging adulthood |
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Period of human development lasting from about age 10 to about age 14. |
early adolescence |
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Research in which scholars spend a considerableamountoftimeamongthepeopletheywishtostudy,usuallylivingamongthem. |
ethnographic research |
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A book that presents an anthropologist’s observations ofwhat life is like in a particular culture. |
ethnography |
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A research method that entails assigningparticipants randomly to an experimental group that received a treatmentand a control group that does not receive the treatment, thencomparing the two groups in a posttest. |
experimental research method |
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In experimental research, the group that receivesthe treatment. |
experimental group |
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Confucian belief, common in many Asian societies, thatchildren are obligated to respect, obey, and revere their parents, especiallythe father. |
filial piety |
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Characteristic of a sample that refers to the degree towhich findings based on the sample can be used to make accurate statementsabout the population of interest. |
generalizable |
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Increasing worldwide technological and economic integration,whichismaking different parts of the world increasingly connectedand increasingly similar culturally. |
globalization |
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Ideas, based on theory or previous research, that a scholarwishes to test in a scientific study |
hypotheses |
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Cultural belief system that emphasizes the desirability ofindependence, self-sufficiency, and self-expression. |
individualism |
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Standard procedure in social scientific studies thatentails informing potential participants of what their participationwould involve, including any possible risks. |
informed consent |
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Research method that involves asking people questions ina conversational format, such that people’s answers are in their ownwords. |
interview |
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Programs intended to change the attitudes and/or behaviorof the participants. |
interventions |
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Reference to Lamarck’s ideas, popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, that evolution takes place as a result of accumulatedexperience such that organisms pass on their characteristics from one generation to the next in the form of memories and acquired characteristics. |
Lamarckian |
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Period of human development lasting from about age 15 to about age 18. |
late adolescence |
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A study in which data is collected from the participantson more than one occasion. |
longitudinal study |
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A scientific strategy for collecting data. |
method |
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Twins with exactly the same genotype. Also known as identical twins. |
monozygotic (MZ) twins |
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A girl’s first menstrual period. |
menarche |
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A situation that occurs naturally but that providesinteresting scientific information to the perceptive observer. |
natural experment |
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Questionnaire format that involves writing in responseto each question. |
open-ended question |
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Standards for the way a study is conducted. Includes informedconsentandcertainrulesforavoidingbiasesinthedatacollection. |
procedure |
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The entire group of people of interest in a study. |
population |
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Data that is collected in non-numerical form, usually in interviewsor observations. |
qualitative |
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Data that is collected in numerical form, usually on questionnaires. |
quantative |
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Now-discredited theory that held that the developmentof each individual recapitulates the evolutionary development of thehuman species as a whole. |
recapitulation |
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Sampling technique in which the people selected forparticipation in a study are chosen randomly, meaning that no one inthe population has a better or worse chance of being selected than anyoneelse |
random sample |
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Characteristic of a sample that refers to the degree towhich it accurately represents the population of interest. |
representative |
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Overcoming adverse environmental circumstances to achieve healthy development. |
resilience |
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Characteristic of a measure that refers to the extent to whichresults of the measure on one occasion are similar to results of the measureon a separate occasion. |
reliability |
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A group of people who interact in the course of sharing a common geographical area. |
society |
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Social class, which includes educational level, income level, and occupational status |
socioeconomic status (SES) |
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Theory promoted by G. Stanley Hall asserting that adolescenceisinevitablyatimeofmooddisruptions,conflictwithparents,andantisocial behavior. |
storm and stress |
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A questionnaire study that involves asking a large number ofpeople questions about their opinions, beliefs, or behavior. |
survey |
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Sampling technique in which researchers select participantssothatvariouscategoriesofpeoplearerepresentedinproportionsequal to their presence in the population. |
stratified sampling |
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A systematic way of finding the answers to questionsor problems that includes standards of sampling, procedure, and measures. |
scientific method |
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The people included in a given study, who are intended to representthe population of interest. |
sample |
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A culture that has maintained a way of life based on stable traditions passed from one generation to the next. |
traditional culture |
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The truthfulness of a measure, that is, the extent to which itmeasures what it claims to measure. |
validity |
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When a scholarly article or book is evaluated by a scholar’s peers (i.e., other scholars) for scientific credibility and importance. |
peer reviewed |
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A period in their late teens and 20s in which young people from the 16th to the 19th century engaged in domestic service, farm service, or apprenticeships in various trades and crafts. |
life-cycle service |
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The majority culture in each of the countries, but each country also has cultural groups that do not share the characteristics of the majority culture and may even be in opposition to it. |
the West |
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Shorthand to refer to adolescents and emerging adults together. |
young people |
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Having an identity that includes aspects of two different cultures. |
bicultural |
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Cultural belief in the absolute authority of the father over his wife and children. |
patriarchal authority |
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The mostly White, middle-class majority in American society. |
the American majority culture |
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The total pattern of a group’s customs, beliefs, art, and technology. Thus, a culture is a group’s common way of life, passed on from one generation to the next. |
culture |