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39 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Furosemide |
Lasixs Loop diuretic (K depleting) Blocks reabsorption of Na/Cl in distal/proximal tubles and in the ascending loop of Henle --> Increasing Na excretion/water output/K excretion/urine output #1 med given for HF |
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Furosemide Use |
HF HTN Pulmonary/renal/hepatic edema |
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Furosemide Side Effects |
Hypotension d/t loss of water/electrolytes Hypokalemia Hyponatremia Hypochloremia Dehydration Orthostatic hypotension d/t venous pooling caused by med Hyperglycemia d/t meds ability to block the release of insulin Hyperuricemia |
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Furosemide Nursing Interventions |
Give with food Monitor electrolytes for S/S of imbalance Monitor BP/orthostatics Monitor S/S of ototoxicity: Hearing loss, tinnitus (ringing), vertigo Monitor BG/uric acid levels |
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Furosemide Patient Teaching |
Eat foods high in K: Green leafy veggies, bananas, citrus fruits, potatoes Report s/s of electrolyte imbalance/dizziness/syncope/ringing in ears/hearing loss/vertigo Take BP 1x week Pt's w/ a hx of gout report s/s of onset |
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What type of medication decreases the effect of diuretics? |
NSAIDS |
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Digoxon |
Lanoxin Cardiac glycoside/Inotropic Inhibits Na/K atpase --> Decreases HR |
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Digoxin Use |
Cardiac arrhythmias: A fib/A flutter Second line drug for HF |
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Digoxin Side Effects |
Headache Weakness Drowsiness |
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Digoxin Toxicity Side Effects |
N/V/anorexia Visual changes Confusion Bradycardia Fatigue Cardiac dysrhythmias w/ AV block |
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Digoxin Nursing Interventions |
Check apical pulse for 1 min: Hold if <60 Monitor for dig toxicity >2.0 Older pt's are at increased risk for dig toxicity d/t decreased kidney function (can't metabolize) Monitor kidney function: BUN/Cr (>1.3 kidney injury) Monitor K (<3.5 increases risk for dig tox)
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Warfarin |
Coumadin Anticoagulant Vitamin K is antagonist Interferes with manufacturing of vitamin K --> Dependent clotting factors by liver --> Depleting prothrombin |
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Warfarin Use |
Prevents thrombis from forming/increasing in size |
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Warfarin Side Effects |
Bleeding/hemorrhage Toxicity |
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Warfarin Nursing Interventions |
Monitor for hypotension/tachycardia: signs of hemorrhage Monitor PT/INR/Hct Educate on ways to limit/prevent bleeding Maintain Vitamin K in diet to prevent fluctuations |
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Levothyroxine |
Synthroid Synthetic form of thyroxine: Leaves T3/T4 in body |
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Levothyroxine Use |
Treats hypothyroidism Does not cure |
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Levothyroxine Side Effects |
HTN/tachycardia Diaphoresis Irritability Insomnia Abd cramping/diarrhea Heat intolerance Menstrual irregularities |
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Levothyroxine Nursing Interventions |
Take first thing in the morning on empty stomach 1x day Monitor T3/T4 levels Monitor baseline VS, height, weight Instruct on s/s to report Life long/slow onset |
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Ciprofloxacin |
Cipro Fluoroquinolones (anti infective) Inhibits DNA replication and cell division --> Kills bacteria |
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Ciproflaxacin Use |
Given PO/IV for tx of severe UTI's |
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Ciprofloxacin Side Effects |
Mild CNS symptoms: Dizziness, headache, confusion in older pt's N/V/D Achillies tendon rupture Photosensitivity Cdiff |
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Ciprofloxacin Nursing Interventions |
Monitor for/report GI symptoms and tendon pain Check compatibility with other meds: IV cipro is not compatable with many meds |
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Ciprofloxacin Patient Teaching |
Report GI/tendon/CNS symptoms Decrease caffeine intake Use sunscreen Take antacids, iron, calcium, dairy products, and sucralfate 2 hr after/6 hr before oral cipro Drink atleast 1500-2000 mL (2L) of fluids/day |
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Prednisone |
Deltasone Glucocorticoid (corticosteroid) Suppresses inflammation |
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Prednisone |
Anti inflammatory |
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Prednisone Side Effects |
Inhaled: Oral candidiasis Oral: Suppressed adrenal function Nasal: Dry mucous membranes Bone demineralization Muscle wasting Hyperglycemia: Diabetic or not will increase BG Peptic ulcers Infection Fluid/electrolyte imbalance |
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Prednisone Nursing Interventions |
Educate on spacer use Administer antifungal if needed Recommend alternate day dosing Dont give with/instruct take with NSAIDs Administer/recommend gastric protectants Monitor for Adrenal suppression Bone demineralization/muscle wasting BG: Tx with inslulin if needed GI bleeding (peptic ulcers) Weight gain (hypernatremia): Moon face S/s of infection/WBC: Masks, wont have classic signs Electrolyte imbalances Weakness (hypokalemia) CBC I's/O's |
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Prednisone Patient Teaching |
Rinse mouth after use Weight bearing exercises to keep bones/muscle strong Taper if discontinuing Consume adequate calcium/vit D Take with food Avoid taking with NSAIDs |
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Albuterol |
Proventil HFA Beta 2 adrenergic agonist Activates beta 2 receptors in the bronchi resulting in bronchodilation Short term "rescue inhaler" |
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Albuterol Use |
Long term asthma management Acute bronchospasms Prevent EID bronchospasms |
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Albuterol Side Effects |
Chest pain/palpitations/tachycardia Nervousness/restlessness/tremors |
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Albuterol Nursing Interventions |
Monitor/report dizziness, heart palpitations, chest pain, SOB Monitor lung sounds Monitor/report tremors |
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Albuterol Patient Teaching |
2 puffs q 4 hrs (1 min in b/t) Use spacer if available/hold inhaler away from mouth Don't take more than ordered, easy to overdose |
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Metformin |
Glucophage Biguanides Reduces hepatic (liver) glucose production Improves glucose transport to cells Improve tissue response to insulin |
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Metformin Use |
Help control BG in type 2 diabetes |
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Metformin Side Effects |
Decreased appetite N/D Flatulence Decreased absorption of B12/folic acid |
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Metformin Nursing Interventions |
Monitor BG/HbA1c levels Administer with food Monitor renal function |
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Metformin Patient Teaching |
Avoid alchohol Increase vit B12/folic acid in diet How to monitor BG Maintain dietary restrictions for flucose control |
