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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Federalists
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Those who wrote and campaigned for ratification of the Constitution
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Anti-Federalists
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Those who opposed ratification of the Constitution
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Constitution
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Basic governing document of the United States
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Divine Right
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Doctrine that says God selects the soverign for the people
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Royal Colony
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Colony governed by the king's representative with the advice of an elected assembly.
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Mayflower Compact
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First Document in colonial America in which the people gave their express consent to be governed.
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Proprietary Colony
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Colony governed either by a prominent English noble or by a company.
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Colonial Assembly
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Lower legislative chamber elected by male property owners in a colony.
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Colonial Council
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Upper legislative chamber whose members were appointed by British officials upon the recommendation of the governor.
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Patronage
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Appintment of individuals to public office in exchange for their political support. Widely practiced in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and continues to present day.
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Stamp Tax
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Passed by Parliment in 1765, it required colonists to purchase a small stamp to be affixed to legal and other documents
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Taxation without Representation
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Levying of taxes by a government in which the people are not represented by their own elected officials
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Stamp Act Congress
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A meeting in 1765 of delegates from nine colonies to oppose the Stamp Act; the first political organization that brought leaders from several colonies together for a common purpose
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Patriots
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Political group defending colonial American liberties against British infringements
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First Continental Congress
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Organized in 1774, first quasi-governmental institution that spoke for nearly all the colonies
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Second Continental Congress
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Political authority that directed the struggle for independence beginning in 1775
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Declaration of Independence
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Document signed in 1776 asserting the political independence of the US from Great Britain
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Tories
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Those colonists who opposed independence from Great Britain
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Seperation of Powers
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A system of government i which different institutions excersise the different components of governmental power
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Whigs
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Political opposition in 18th century England that developed a theory of citizen rights and representation
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Articles of Confederation
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The first (1781-1789) basic governing document of the United States and forerunner to the Constitution
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Shay's Rebellion
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Armed uprising in western Massachusetts in 1786 led by Revolutionary War captain Daniel Shays
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Annapolis Convention
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Meeting in 1786 to discuss constitutional reform
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Virginia Plan
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Constituional proposal supported by convention delegates from large states
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New Jersey Plan
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Small-state proposal for constitutional reform
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Connecticut Compromise
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Constitutional Convention proposal that created a House proportionate to population and a senate in which all states were represented equally
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Necessary and proper clause
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Says Congress has the proper to "make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution" its other powers
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Advice and Consent
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Support for a presidential action by a designated numbers of senators
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Electoral College
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These chosen to cast a direct vote for president by a process determined by each state
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Judicial Review
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Court authority to declare laws null and void on the grounds tha they violate the constituion
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Supremacy clause
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part of the Constitution that says the Constitution is the "supreme Law of the Land," to which all judges are bound
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Three-fifths Compromise
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Cinstitutional provision that counted each slave as three fifths of a person when calculating representation in the House of Representatives; repealed by the 14th Amendment
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Bill of Rights
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The first ten amendments to the Constitution, which guaruntee civil liberties and protect states' rights.
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Federalist Papers
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Essays that were written in support of the Constitution's ratification ad have become a classic argument for the American constituional system
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Checks and Balances
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Constitutional division of power into seperate institutions, giving each institution the power to block the actions of the others
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