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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Term used to describe McCarthy's anti-Communist smear tactics
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McCarthyism
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The struggle to gain weapons' superiority
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Arms Race
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The policy of making the military power of the United States and its allies so strong that no enemy would attack for fear of retaliation
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deterrence
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A 1656 term used by Secretary of State John Dulles to describe a policy of risking war in order to protect national interests
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Brinkmanship
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Intercontinental Ballistic Missle
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ICBM
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The first artificial satellite to orbit Earth, lauched by the Soviets in 1957
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Sputnik
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A 1960 incident in which the the Soviet military used a guided missle to shoot down an American U-2 spy plane over Soviet territory
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U-2 Incident
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What decisions were reached at Yalta and Potsdam?
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Yalta: Germany be divided into zones, Poland hold elections, and the United Nations be formed. Potsdam: Truman and Stalin tried to resolve outstanding issues from Yalta, and Truman alluded to the atomic bomb to intimidate Stalin.
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Summarize the postwar goals of the United States and the Soviet Union.
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U.S.: to bring economic prosperity back to Europe and install democratic governments in recovering nations. Soviet Union: to dominate the satellite nations on its western border and spread communism.
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How did the United States hope to use the policy of containment and the Truman Doctrine to respond to the Soviet creation of an iron curtain?
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Through containment, the U.S. hoped to keep communism from spreading to other countries. The Truman Doctrine made it U.S. policy to intervene on behalf of nations in danger of having elected governments overthrown by Communist forces.
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What did the Marshall Plan accomplish in Europe?
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It helped European nations rebuild economies and gave the U.S. new allies and trading partners.
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(a)What was the Soviet atomic threat? (b)How did President Truman respond to it?
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a) A U.S.-Soviet war could result in the destruction of both nations, (b) By authorizing work on the hydrogen bomb.
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What was the purpose of NATO?
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To provide collective security against Soviet aggression.
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What Communist advances worried Americans in 1949?
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The Soviet test of an atomic bomb and the establishment of a Communist government in mainland China.
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(a)Describe the efforts by the Truman administration and Congress to stop Communist influence in the United States. (b)How did this anti-Communist effort affect the nation?
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(a) The administration began to investigate the background of prospective federal government employees. Congress investigated communism in Hollywood and passed the McCarran-Walter Act, restricting immigration from Communist-leaning regions, (b) They created paranoia and mistrust.
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Describe the rise and fall of Senator Joseph McCarthy.
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McCarthy gained popularity by crusading against communism, and he lost power when his bullying and dishonesty were revealed to the public.
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How did the Cold War play out in Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America?
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Southeast Asia: The U.S. attempted to prevent a Vietnamese Communist government from coming to power in the 1950s. Middle East: The Soviets supported Arab nations; the U.S. supported Israel. Latin America: The U.S. helped bring down a Communist-leaning government in Guatemala.
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Describe the arms race of the 1950s.
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A competition for weapons superiority between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. Both nations tried to build enough nuclear weapons to frighten other nations (but mainly each other).
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