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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Boundries of the neck?
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Superior boundries:
- mandible - mastoid process - Ionion # (superior occipital protuberence) Inferior: - sternum - clavicle - acromion of scapulae - 7th cervicle vertebrae |
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structure coursing between the head and thorax are associated with which traingle?
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anterior triangle
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structure coursing through the head/neck and upper limbs are associated with which triangle?
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posterior
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Know surface anatomy:
- hyoid bone - cricoid cartilage - thyroid cartilage - thyroid membrane - thyroid gland - trachea |
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What are the 3 compartments of the neck?
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viseral
vertebral vascular |
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describe the viseral laminae of the neck.
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- thin layer of areolar connective tissue
-lies between dermis and skin - contains platysma, cutaneous nerves (facial nerve, CN VII), blood vessles, lymphatic vessles - contains varying amounts of fat - continuous superficial facea elsewhere in the body |
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Where is the external jugular vein found?
(know other superficial veins? - slide 21)? |
over the sternocleomastoid muscle
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Describe the deep cervicle faciae.
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- dense connective tissue deep to the superficial fasciae
- envelopes muscle, neurovascular structure, and certain vicera - serves as partitions, compartmentalizes the neck - clinical corralations - surgical cleavage plane and potential space (pathways for infections to spread) |
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What are the 4 deep fasciae and where are the found?
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Investing layer:
- just deep to superficial fasciae - surrounds muscle Prevertebral fasciae: a) axillary sheath (around axillary vessels) b)supraplural membrane ???? Pretracheal fasciae: - lies anterior to the trachea Carotid sheath: - contains corrotid arteries, internal jugular, vegas nerve etc... |
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The investing layer of the deep fasciae covers which 2 glands?
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submandibular and parotid
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Where are the points of attachment for the investing fasciae?
Superior? Inferior? |
Superior:
- hyoid bone - inferior margin of mandible - zygomatic arch Inferior: - clavicle - acromion - spine of scapulae - manubrium of sternum |
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superiorly the submandibular fasciae attaches where?
Inferiorly where does it attach? |
The myohyoid bone and the inferior border of the mandible
The hyoid bone |
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The submandibular node is found in which fasciae?
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the submandibular fasciae (part of investing layer)
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describe the 2 layer of the parotid fasciae (part of deep investing fasciae)
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superficial layer
- attaches to zygomatic arch superiorly - continuous with fasciae covering SCM behind and the masseter in front Deep parotid fasciae - extends along medial surface of gland and attaches to the skull - not as dense as superficial except for the Stylomandibular ligament |
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What are the 2 divisions of the prevertebral membrane?
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the suprapleural membrane and the axillary sheath.
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axillary sheath (part of prevertebral division) surrounds what?
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axillary vessles and brachial plexus
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What does the carotid sheath contain?
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common corotid, internal jugular and vagus nerve
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The corotid fasciea is formed from what other fasciaes?
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the pretracheal, prevertebral, and the investing/superficial fasciea.
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the carotid sheath goes from where to where?
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base of skull to root of neck
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What is the posterior portion of the pretracheal fasciae called?
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buccopharangeal fasciae (just anterior to alar fasciae)
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What is the anterior portion of the prevertebral fasciae called?
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alar fasciae (just posterior to buccopharangeal fasciae)
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label the following fascial spaces:
Retroviseral Retropharangeal Danger Zone (space 4) Prevertebral Lateral pharangeal |
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The investing layer encompasses what?
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the entire neck and spits to surround SCM and trap. muscles
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Pretracheal layer encloses what?
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muscular portion incloses the infrahyoid muscle and the viseral portion encloses thyroid, larynx, trachea, pharynx and esophogus
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the prevertebral layer surrounds what?
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the cervical vertebral column and the associated muscles
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The corotid sheath incloses what?
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the common corotid, internal jugular and the vagus
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What are the borders of the anterior triangle?
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midline
inferior margin of mandible anterior margin of SCM muscle |
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What are the borders of the posterior triangle?
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Posterior margin of SCM
Anterior margin of trap middle 1/3rd of clavicle |
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What are the 4 minor triangles of the anterior triangle?
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muscular, submental, submandibular triangle, carotid.
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What are the minor triagles of the posterior triangle?
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supruclavicular (also called omoclavicular or subclavian) and occipital
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What are the muscles of the posterior triangle?
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-semispinalis capitus muscle
-splenus capitus -levitator scapulae -posterior, anterior and middle scalene muscle |
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What is the major vein in the posterior triangle?
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external jugular
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What are the important arteries in the posterior triangle?
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First part of subclavian artery and its branches
Thyrocervical trunk a) tranverse cervical artery b) Suprascapular artery |
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The superficial location of what nerve as it crosses the posterior triangle makes it suseptable to injury?
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Accesory nerve XI
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What is the hierarchy of peripheral nerves?
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Dorsal and ventral ramus form plexuses of the Cervical, brachial, lumbar and sacral which form peripheral nerves
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What makes up the cervical plexus?
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Anterior Rami of cervical nerves (C1-C4)
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What nerves make up the cervical plexus?
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Muscular (deep) branches:
- phrenic and sensory nerves - Ansa cervicalis - direct motor branches to the prevertebral and lateral vertebral muscles Cutaneous (superficial branches) - Lesser occiptial - Greater Auricular - Transverse cervical nerve - Supraclavicular nerve |
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What do the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus arise from?
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Erb's point
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Brachial Plexus???
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???? slide 63
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How are the lymphatics in the neck arranged?
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Horizontal Superficial ring
Horizontal deep ring Deep cervical (jugular) trunk (SEE POWER POINT!!!) slides 65-71 |
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Why is the subclavian vein clinically important?
What other veins may be used for the same purposes? |
used for interveneous hyperalimentation, monitoring central venous pressure, obtaining central venous access and for chemotheropy, introducing intravenous pacemakers.
Internal jugular and chephalic veins |
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Cervical rib and anterior scalene syndrome and hyperabduction are also preferentially called what?
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Thoracic outlet syndrome.
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in Cervical rib syndrome the anterior end of the cervical rib may articulate how?
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articulate with the sternum,
(2) articulate or fuse with the first rib, (3) attach to the first rib by a fibrous band, or (4) present a free end. |
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What is anterior scalene syndrome?
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due to spasm or hypertrophy of anterior scalene muscle
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The symtoms of thoracic outlet syndrome are due to what?
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compression of the neurovascular
structures extending anywhere from the thoracic outlet to the insertion of the pectoralis minor muscle. They are characterized by neurological deficits and/or vascular (arterial or venous) changes in the upper extremity. (also see handout) |