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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Definition of Anatomy and the clues its provides to us
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Study of internal and external structures and the physical relationships between parts.
Provides clues about probably function. Structure leads to function |
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Kinds of anatomy we will discuss
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Gross anatomy (macroscopic anatomy--seen by the naked eye)
Radiological anatomy or histological anatomy Clinical anatomy |
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Anatomic position
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Exactly the way something would lie in the body
i.e. the heart in anatomical position standing erect, head, eyes, and toes facing forward, upper limbs by the side with palms facing forward and fingers together |
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Clinical Correlate for anatomical position of stomach
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Stomach contacts liver, spleen, and pancreas
Splenic artery lies posteriorly to stomach--ulcers in the posterior wall of stomach can eat through stomach and splenic artery |
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What are surface features and why are they important
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Surface features are features on the surface of the body that clue us in to where certain internal organs or significant anatomical features occur.
Helps you to be a better diagnostician--sternal angle is the most important--where 2nd rib articulates with sternum |
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Langer Lines
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The orientation of bundles of collagen fibers in the skin
Important in cosmetic surgery--cutting parallel to these lines limits scarring and promotes wound healing--perpendicular cuts put tension on wound and diminish healing |
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What are the different anatomical planes
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Sagittal plane--from head to toe along the median plane
Transverse plane--horizontal plane parallel to the floor Coronal plane--head to toe, splitting the body into belly and back--rarely used except for brain |
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Right vs Left clinical correlate
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Left and right recurrent laryngeal nerves exist. Aortic aneurism may cause impingement of the L. recurrent laryngeal nerve leading to a hoarse voice
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Superior vs Inferior clinical correlate
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A hiatal hernia--when the stomach protrudes superiorly through the diaphragm causing an esophageal hiatus--leads to intense heartburn and acid reflux
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Ipsilateral vs Contralateral
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Ipsilateral is on the same side--right arm/right leg
Contraleteral is on opposite sides--right arm/left leg |
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When can anterior/posterior be used interchangeably with superficial/deep
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In anatomical position--when you turn the person around anterior becomes deep and posterior becomes superficial
Skin is always superficial |
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Terms of Movement
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Movement always happens across and joint and works to bring two skeletal elements closer to one another
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Flexion vs Extension
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Flexion is a bending movement which decreases the angle between two skeletal elements
Extension is a return from a bent position and an increase in the angle between skeletal elements |
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ABduction vs ADduction
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ABduct--to move further from median plane
ADduct--to move closer to median plane Can work with hands--middle finger is median plane--fingers spread is abducting |
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Pronation vs Supination
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Pronation--turns palms backwards from anatomical position or feet out
Supination--turns palms forward and feet in |
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Opposition vs Reposition
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Opposition--bringing the thumb to touch any one of the digits
Reposition--bringing thumb back to original position |
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Circumduction
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A movement combining flexion, extension, ADduction, and ABduction
Only in shoulder, hips, thumb |
