Anatomy 3

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm (cytosol, organelles), nucleus (chromosomes, genes)

Flexible yet sturdy barrier that surrounds and contains the cytoplasm

Integral proteins, peripheral proteins

Different proteins help determine many of the functions of the cell membrane

Fluid structures because most of the membrane lipids and proteins move in the bilayer

Selectively permeable. Lipid bilayer is always permeable to small, non polar, uncharged molecules.

Act as channels or transporters, increase the permeability if the membrane

The difference in the concentration of a chemical between one side of the plasma membrane and the other

The different in concentration of ions between one side of the plasma membrane and the other

Passive process, active process

Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis

Primary and secondary transport, vesicular transport

Steepness of the concentration gradient, temperature, mass of diffusion substance, surface area, diffusion distance

Help solutes that are too polar or too highly charged move through the lipid bilayer, involves channel mediated facilitated diffusion, and carrier mediated facilitated diffusion.

Movement of a solvent through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

membrane enclosed secretory vesicles dude with the plasma membrane and release the contents into the extracellular fluid

Combination of endocytosis And exocytosis used to move substances from one side of a cell, across it, and out the other side

Cytosol- intracellular fluid

Organelles- specialized structures that have specific shapes and perform specific functions

Structures that are similar in shape to lysosomes, but are smaller and contain enzymes that use oxygen to oxidize organic substances

Barrel shaped structures that destroy unneeded, damaged, or faulty proteins by cutting long proteins into smaller ones

Contains the hereditary units of the cell called genes

Occurs in the nucleus and is the process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is copied onto a strand of RNA to direct protein synthesis

Occurs in the nucleus and is the process of reading the mRNA nucleotide sequence to determine the amino acid sequence of the newly formed protein

A process by which cells reproduce themselves

Occurs when the nucleus of a cell divides. Results in the distribution of 2 sets of chromosomes into 2 separate nuclei

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Chromatin condensed into chromosomes and the nuclear membrane disappears and centrosomes move to opposite poles

Centromeres of chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate

Centromeres of chromosomes split and sister chromatids move toward the opposite poles of the cell

Mitotic spindle dissolves, chromosomes regain their chromatin appearance, and a new nuclear membrane forms

Cleavage furrow forms, and the the cytoplasm splits, when complete, interphase begins

Remain alive and functioning without dividing, Grow and divide, die

Cells deteriorate, cells decrease, lose integrity of the extracellular components.

Cancer, melanoma, satcoms, osteogenic sarcoma, leukemia, lymphoma