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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the study of Anatomy
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The study of the structure / build of the human body
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What is the study of Phyisology
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The study of the functions of the body/ how the body works
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Upon what principle is the study of anatomy and physiology based?
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Structure reflects function, function reflects structure
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Why do we undertake in anatomy and physiology simultaneously?
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The two subjects are complementary, understanding one strengthens the other
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What is nephrology
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The study of kidney function
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What is renal physiology
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To filter, balance fluids and electrons
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What is Systemic Anatomy
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The study of the structure of the human body systems, and how they mutually interact.
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What is Systemic Physiology
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The interactions between the circulatory, repiratory, nervous, and skeletal systems.
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What is neuroanatomy
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The anatomy of the nervous system
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What is neurophysiology
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The study of nervous system function
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WHat is cardiovascular physiology
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The study of the circulatory system functions
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What is cardiovascular anatomy
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Heart, Arteries, veins, capillaries, and the blood.
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What is developmental anatomy
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The study of the human body changes from birth to death.
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What is embryology
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The study of human body structural changes prior to birth
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What is the study of pathology
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the study of human changes caused by disease states
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What is homeostasis
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Maintaning over all balance. Can fluctuate, but there is no net change
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What is compartmentalization
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Maintaining the internal enviornment seperate from the external enviornment. It is functional and physical
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What is compartmentalization functional and physical
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Because the function must be regulated, regardless of whether it is physical or functional.
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What are the key characteristics to life
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1. Maintainence of boundries 2.Movement 3Responsiveness
4. Digestion 5. Metabolism 6. Exretion 7. Reproduction 8 Growth 9 Survival needs, 10. Homeostasis |
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What is Metabolism
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The sum of total chemical reactions occuring within the human body.
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What is Metabolism all about?
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Includes the buildup of nutrient build up and break down for use.
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What is the objective of metabolism?
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To ensure a continous supply of ATP
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What is anabolism?
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The build up of nutrient storage products during metabolism
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What is Catabolism
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The breakdown of anabolism to be used.
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What is the Dorsal Body Cavity divided into
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Cranial and Vertebral cavities.
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What does the dorsal body cavity protect
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The central nervous system
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What does the cranial cavity encase?
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The brain
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What does the vertebral cavity encase
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the spinal cord
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What does the ventral body cavity contain?
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Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
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What is the thoracic cavity?
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Pleural ( lungs )and Pericardial ( heart) cavities
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What does the abdominopelvic cavity contain
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Below the diaphragm-- stomach, intestines, sex organs, etc.
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Where is the thoracic cavity located
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In the ventral body cavity, above the diaphraghm
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Where is the abdominicopelvic cavity located?
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In the ventral body cavity, below the diaphraghm
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What are the otic body cavities?
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Inner ear
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What re the optic body davities?
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Orbital cavities ( vision)
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What is the term assosiated with serousus membranes that cover organs
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Visceral...
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What is the term assosiated with serousus membranes that line cavities
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Parietal...
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What is the meaning of efferent
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Motor Nerve-- a nerve that conveys impulses toward or to muscles or glands
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What is the meaning of Afferent
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sensory nerve: a nerve that passes impulses from receptors toward or to the central nervous system
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What is a servo system?
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A feedback system, designed to help the body maintain homeostasis
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What are the planes of the body?
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Sagittal, Frontal, and Transverse
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What does the transverse section
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Top and botom
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What does the mid-saggital section
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Right and left
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What does the frontal/coronal section
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Front and back
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What membrane covers the heart
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Visceral Pericardium
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What membrane covers the lungs
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Visceral Pleura
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What membrane covers the organs
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Visceral peritoneum
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What membrane lines the heart
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Parietal Pericardium
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What membrane lines the lungs
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Parietal Pleura
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What membrane lines the abdominal cavity
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Parietal Peritoneum
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What is the difference between parietal and visceral
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visceral covers, parietal lines.
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What is Histology
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The study of tissue
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What is a tissue
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A group of associated similar and dissimilar cells related in structure performing a common function
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What is Cytology
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The study of cells
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What are the four fundamental tissue types
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Epithelium, Connective Tissue, Muscle, and Nerve
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What is the anatomy of Epithelim
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Covers surfaces and lines cavities
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What are the functions of Epithelium
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Protection, excretion, absorption, secretion, filtration, and sensory reception.
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How are epithelial tissue classified?
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Simple Squamous Epithelium, Simple cuboidal epithelium, Simple columnar epithelium pseudostratified epithelium, simple cilliated columna epithelium, stratified squamous epithlium, stratified cuboidal epithelium, stratified columnar epithelium, transitional epithelim, Glandular epithelium
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What do Simple Squamous Epithelim look like? Where are they found
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Typically found lining cavities, including blood vessels, and covering surfaces. The individual cells appear flattened and the nucleus is disc like. Each cell is attached to a basal membrane.
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What do Simple Cuboidal lEpithelim look like? Where are they found
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1 cell layer thick, and are cube shaped.
Used to form gland duts, tubuels, and kidney tubles. Think CANDY CORN |
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What do Simple Columnar lEpithelim look like? Where are they found
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1 cell layer thick, cells are column or cylinder shaped. This type of cells line the digestive tract, gall blater, uterus, and fallopian tubes.
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What do Pseudostratified Epithelium cells look like? Where are they found?
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A single layer of cells that appear to be multiple layers. Found in areas where absorption and filtration occur, such as the trachea.
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What do Simple Ciliated Columnar Epithelium cells look like? Where are they found?
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Found in the lining of the uterine, bronchioles,. Characterestid by cillia on the apical surface.
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What do Stratified SquamousEpithelium cells look like? Where are they found?
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Most abundant type. Found all over skin and in every opeining.
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What type of glands have ducts
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Exocrine...secrete right into blood
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What type of glands do not have ducts
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Endocrine, so they can excrete hormones
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What are the four types of connective tissue
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Connective tissue proper, cartilage, cone, and blood.
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Function of Connective tissue proper
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Loose material that serves as packing material between other tissue, small blood vessels, and nerves. Surrounds glands, and serves as a cushion.
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Function of Cartilage
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midway dense connective tissue and bone. Tough, yet flexible. Consists of different types
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Function of bone
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Provide support/protection to delicate organs. Bone is abundant with collagen.
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Blood
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Made up of erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and thrombocytes.
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What are the three types of cartilage
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Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrocartilage
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A&P of Hyaline cartilage
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Blue apperance . Provides spongy pads within joints, nose, larynx. Provides supporting rings of trachea Less fiber, more poly saccharide..
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A&P of Elastic cartilage
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Almost identical to hyaline, but with more elastin. Found in external auditory meatus and epiglottis
Equal in fiber and polysaccaride |
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A&P of Fibrocartilage
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Found where hyaline cartilage meets tendon or ligaments. HIgh in fiber, low in poly saccharide.
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What are Osteoblasts?
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Juvenile bone cells thta produce collagen fibers
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What are osteocytes
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Mature bone cells, reside with lacunae
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What are osteoclasts
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bone remolding cells.
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What are the four types of muscle tissues
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Muscle, Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth
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