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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Identify the significant abdominal structures corresponding to L1.
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transpyloric plane, hilum of kidneys, celiac trunk, body of pancreas, duodeno-jejunal flexure, hepatic portal vein, fundus of gallbladder
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Identify the significant abdominal structures corresponding to L2.
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azygos vein and thoracic duct begin, spinal cord ends, cisterna chyli
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Identify the significant abdominal structures corresponding to L3.
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subcostal plane (passes through inferior border of 10th rib)
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Identify the significant abdominal structures corresponding to L4.
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umbilical plane, bifurcation of aorta, highest point of iliac crest
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Identify the significant abdominal structures corresponding to L5.
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transtubercular plane, IVC begins, arcuate line
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What is the anterior boundary of the abdominal cavity?
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abdominal wall
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What is the posterior boundary of the abdominal cavity?
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L1-5 vertebrae, psoas major, quadratus lumborum, iliacus in false pelvis
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What is the superior boundary of the abdominal cavity?
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diaphragm
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What is the supralateral boundary of the abdominal cavity?
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costal margin
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What is the infralateral boundary of the abdominal cavity?
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inguinal ligament, pelvic inlet
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What forms the floor of the pelvic cavity?
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pelvic diaphragm
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What structures are in the right upper quadrant?
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liver, gallbladder, stomach (pylorus), duodenum, head of pancreas, right kidney and suprarenal gland, ascending and transverse colon
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What divides the abdomen into 4 quadrants?
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median plane, transumbilical plane
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What structures are located in the left upper quadrant?
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liver, spleen, stomach, jejunum, body and tail of pancreas, left kidney and suprarenal gland, descending and transverse colon
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What structures are located in the right lower quadrant?
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cecum, appendix, ileum, right ovary, uterine tube, ureter, spermatic cord, ascending colon
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What structures are located in the left lower quadrant?
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sigmoid and descending colon, left ovary, uterine tube, ureter, and spermatic cord
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What are the 2 layers of superficial fascia of the anterolateral abdominal wall?
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camper's and scarpa's fascia
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Describe Camper's fascia
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FATTY layer
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Describe Scarpa's fascia.
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deep FIBROUS layer, blends with fascia lata, extends into penis/labia and into perineum as Colle's fascia
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What is the fundiform ligament?
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thickening of Scarpa's fascia- extends from the linea alba, splits and runs laterally around sides of penis like a sling
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In rupture of a vessel or urethral bulb, where might extravasation of blood/urine extend to?
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fibrous layer of abdomen but not the lower limb because of attachment of Scarpa's fascia to deep fascia of thigh
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Name the fascia deep to the muscle layers of the abdomen.
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Transversalis fascia
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What are the two structures that the transversalis fascia lies between?
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transversus abdominus and parietal peritoneum
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What is the Potential Space of Bogros?
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area between transversalis fascia and peritoneum, used to placing prosthetics (e.g. repairing inguinal hernias)
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Name the two parts of the rectus sheath and what separates them.
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cephalic part (above arcuate line)
caudal part (below arcuate line) |
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What is another name for the arcuate line?
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semicircular line of Douglas
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What are the contents of the rectus sheath?
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rectus abdominus, pyramidalis, superior and inferior epigastric vessels, terminal portions of some nerves of abdominal wall
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What defines the two ends of the linea alba?
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xiphoid process and pubic tubercles
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What are rhaphe?
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thread/suture- aponeurotic fibers from the linea alba, forms a groove on the skin
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What forms the middle and posterior layers of the thoracolumbar fascia?
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aponeuroses of transversus abdominis and internal oblique, contributions of aponeurosis of latissimus dorsi
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What forms the anterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia?
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thin fascia of quadratus lumborum
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What forms the inguinal ligament of Poupart?
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external oblique aponeurosis
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Name the attachments of the inguinal ligament.
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ASIS and pubic tubercle
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Name the medial part of the inguinal ligament that arches posteriorly and inferiorly to attach to the superior pubic ramus.
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lacunar ligament of Gimernat
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Name the medial part of the inguinal ligament that arches posteriorly and inferior to run along the pectineal line.
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pectineal ligament of Cooper
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The superficial inguinal ring is a gap in what aponeurosis?
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external oblique
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The deep inguinal ring is an opening in what fascia?
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transversalis fascia
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Where is the deep inguinal ring located?
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midway between the pubic tubercle and ASIS
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What type of hernia exit the abdominal cavity via the deep inguinal ring?
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indirect inguinal hernias
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What are the contents of the inguinal canal?
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spermatic cord (males)
round ligament of uterus (females) ilioinguinal nerve (L1) |
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What is another name for the falx inguinalis?
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conjoint tendon
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What is the function of the conjoint tendon?
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forms a support posterior to the superficial inguinal ring
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What provides collateral circulation between the subclavian and external iliac arteries?
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superior and inferior epigastric arteries
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With what artery does the deep circumflex iliac artery anastomose?
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musculophrenic artery
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Identify the venous route above the umbilicus.
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cutaneous veins- thoracoepigastric vein- lateral thoracic vein- axillary vein- subclavian vein
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Into what do the cutaneous veins below the umbilicus eventually drain into?
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great saphenous vein
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With what do the subcutaneous veins near the umbilicus anastomose?
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portal vein
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Identify the destination of lymphatic drainage above the umbilicus.
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axillary and parasternal nodes
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Identify the destination of lymphatic drainage below the umbilicus.
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superficial inguinal lymph nodes
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Where does the deep lymphatic drainage go to?
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along blood vessels to external iliac nodes
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Name the 6 common causes of abdominal distension.
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fat, feces, fluid, flatus, fetus, food
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What factors influence position of abdominal viscera.
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stature, position, respiration, tonus of body wall, fullness of viscera, pressure of adjacent viscera, tonus of hollow viscera
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Define peritoneum.
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a continuous, thin, transparent serous membrane of simple squamous epithelium, with parietal and visceral layers
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Define peritoneal cavity.
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POTENTIAL space between visceral and parietal layers of peritoneum, contains lubricative fluid
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What is the advantage of peritoneal dialysis?
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peritoneum is a semi-permeable membrane
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Define peritonitis.
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Inflammation of the peritoneum, caused by bacteria from trauma or appendicitis, results in pus and pain
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Define ascites.
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accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity, caused by cirrhosis, congestive heart failure, metastases, starvation
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Define adhesions.
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visceral and parietal peritoneum becomes inflammed and stick together by connective tissue scar, caused by surgery, infection, inactivity
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What are some treatments for adhesions?
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deep tissue massage, colonics, surgery
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Define paracentesis.
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Surgical puncture of the peritoneal cavity for the aspiration or drainage of fluid.
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Define thoracentesis.
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Insertion of a hollow needle into the pleural cavity of the chest to drain pleural fluid.
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What is the function of the greater omentum?
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cushions and protects abdominal organs, prevents adhesions, conducts vessels
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Name the 3 ligaments of the greater omentum.
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gastrophrenic ligament (to diaphragm)
gastrosplenic ligament (to spleen) gastrocolic ligament (to transv. colon) |
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What is the function of the lesser omentum?
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Connects the lesser curvature of the stomach to porta hepatis of the liver.
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Name the 2 ligaments of the lesser omentum.
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hepatogastric ligament
hepatoduodenal ligament (conducts portal triad) |
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Name the 3 components of the portal triad.
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hepatic portal vein
hepatic artery proper bile duct |
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What is the function of the falciform ligament?
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separates right and left lobes of the liver, attaches anterior abdominal wall and liver
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Name the cord-like structure formed by the obliterated umbilical vein.
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Ligamentum teres (round ligament of the liver)
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What is the function of the lienorenal ligament?
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connects spleen and kidney on left side
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What is the function of the Ligament of Treitz?
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suspends small intestine from body wall
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What is another name for the ligament of Treitz?
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suspensory muscle of the duodenum
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Name the 3 peritoneal reflections.
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lateral umbilical folds
medial umbilical folds median umbilical fold |
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Name the 2 compartments of the greater sac.
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supracolic compartment
infracolic compartment |
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What are the contents of the supracolic compartment of the greater sac?
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liver, stomach, pancreas, spleen, upper part of duodenum
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What are the contents of the infracolic compartment of the greater sac?
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small intestine, ascending and descending colons, sigmoid colon, rectum
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What communicates between the supracolic and infracolic compartments of the greater sac?
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paracolic gutters
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What is the clinical importantance of paracolic gutters?
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provide pathways for flow of ascetic fluid and spread of intraperitoneal infections, can develop fluid accumulation if lying down
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Through what does the greater sac and lesser sac communicate?
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epiploic foramen (omental foramen, foramen of Winslow)
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What is the function of the omental bursa?
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permits free movement of stomach on structure posterior and inferior to it because walls slide easily over each other
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What is an abdominal hernia?
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loop of small intestine may pass through the omental foramen into the omental bursa
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Name the pouches formed by peritoneal reflections in the pelvis in females. In males?
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uterovesical pouch (front of uterus)
rectouterine pouch (of Douglas) males: rectovesical pouch |
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Is the peritoneal cavity an open or closed cavity?
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closed in males, open in females where uterine tube enters
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What is the clinical significance of peritoneal fossae?
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may serve as potential sites of internal hernias
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Name the 6 peritoneal fossae.
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lesser sac, duodenal fossae, cecal fossa, retrocecal fossa, ileocecal fossae, intersigmoid fossa
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Name the primary retroperitoneal structures.
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abdominal aorta, IVC, adrenal glands, kidneys, ureters, gonads
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Define primary retroperitoneal.
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embryonically begins and remains retroperitoneal
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Define secondary retroperitoneal.
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was suspended by mesentery initially, but ended up behind the mesentery
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What structures are secondary retroperitoneal?
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part of duodenum, ascending and descending colons, rectum, pancreas
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Define intraperitoneal.
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organ completely invested by visceral peritoneum, connected to the abdominal wall by a mesentery
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What structures are intraperitoneal?
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stomach, most of small intestine, cecum, appendix, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, sliver, spleen, tail of pancreas
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