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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What forms the apex of the axilla?
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The convergence point of the clavicle, superior border of the scapula and the first rib.
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The _____________________ is the entrance to the axilla. This is found at the _________ of the axilla.
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-cervicoaxillary canal
-apex |
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What is thoracic outlet syndrome?
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When the cervicoaxiallary canal narrows, impinging on the axillay nerve.
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The base of the axilla is formed of the
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axillary fasia, superficial fascia, and skin of the axillary fossa
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What makes the anterior wall of the axilla?
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pectoralis major and minor
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What makes the posterior wall of the axilla?
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scapula, subscapularis muscle, latissimus dorsi, teres major
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What makes the lateral wall of the axilla?
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intertubercular groove between the humerus and long head of the biceps brachii
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What makes the medial wall of the axilla?
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the chest wall and intercostal musclecs covered by the serratus anterior
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What nerve innervates the serratus anterior?
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the long thoracic nerve
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What is the action of the serratus anterior?
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it holds the scapula close to chest wall (protraction) and upwardly rotates the glenoid cavity by pulling the inferior angle of the scapula laterally
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You can find the serratus anterior being pierced by what nerves?
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lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves
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Paralysis of which muscle causes winging of the scapula?
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serratus anterior
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How can you test if a patient has paralysis of the serratus anterior?
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have him push against a wall to see if the scapula wings out
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Winging of the scapula is associated with difficulty of what action?
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abduction of arm above the horizontal
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What are the contents of the axilla?
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1. axillary artery
2. axillary vein 3. brachial plexus 4. axillary lymph nodes |
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Which structures are enclosed in the axillary sheath?
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1. axillary artery
2. axillary vein 3. brachial plexus |
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Where do you inject anesthetic to perform a nerve block of the brachial plexus?
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into the axillary sheath
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At which point does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?
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the lateral border of the first rib
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The axillary artery is a continuation of the...
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subclavian artery
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The axillary artery becomes the ____________ at what point?
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brachial artery at the inferior border of the teres major
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The axillary artery is divided into 3 parts by what muscle?
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pectoralis minor
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What are all the branches of the axillary artery? Organize your answer by the three parts.
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She Tastes Like Sweet Apple Pie
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The _____________ artery traverses the quadrangular space with the axillary nerve.
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posterior humeral circumflex artery
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Between the first rib and the subscapular artery, _____________ of the axillary artery can form allowing blood to bypass ______________ in that area.
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-arterial anastomoses
-vascular stenosis |
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How do you control bleeding from the axillary or brachial artery?
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compress the subclavian against the 1st rib
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The axillary vein is a continuation of what vein? When does this happen?
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continuation of the basillic vein at the inferior border of the teres major
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The axillary vein becomes the ______________ at the lateral border of the first rib.
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subclavian vein
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What major vein drains into the medial part of the axillary vein?
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cephalic vein
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An injury at the point where the axillary vein turns into the subclavian vein is dangerous because...
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-dangerous bleeding
-air can be sucked into the vein, causing a dangerous air embolism |
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Axillary and subclavian veins are frequently used by doctors to...
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administer fluids, medications, renal dialysis, etc.
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The brachial plexus is formed by the _________ of which nerves?
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anterior rami of spinal nerves C5 to T1
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What are the stages of the brachial plexus?
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ROWDY TEENS DRINK COLD BEER
R- roots T-trunks D-divisions C-cords B-branches |
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The female breast is supplied by branches of what arteries?
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-internal thoracic artery
-thoracic aorta -subscapular artery -thoracoacromial trunk |
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What nerves form the superior, middle, and inferior trunks?
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-Superior: C5 and C6
-Middle: C7 -Inferior: C8 and T1 |
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What forms the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?
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the anterior divisions of the superior and middle trunks
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What forms the medial cord of the brachial plexus?
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The anterior division of the inferior trunk
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What forms the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?
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The posterior divisions of all three trunks
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What does the lateral cord divide into?
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-musculocutaneous nerve
-lateral root of median nerve |
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What does the posterior cord divide into?
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-the radial nerve
-the axillary nerve |
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What does the medial cord divide into?
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-medial root of median nerve
-ulnar nerve |
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Erb's palsy occurs from nerve lesions of the ___________________, usually from a violent increase in the angle between the neck and the shoulder.
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upper part of the brachial plexus (C5 and C6)
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Erb's palsy results in the characteristic ___________________ position
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waiter's tip (medial rotation of arm, hand pronated)
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In Klumpke's paralysis, nerve lesions of the ______________________, usually from jerking the arm when it's in an upward position, result in the characteristic _____________ position.
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lower part of the brachial plexus (C8 and T1) cause the claw hand
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Nerve lesions of the upper part of the brachial plexus cause
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erb's palsy
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Nerve lesions of the lower part of the brachial plexus cause
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Klumpke's paralysis
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