Anatomy Exam 1

The study of the structure of an organism and the relationship of its parts.

The study of the functions of the body, how it works.

Responsiveness, Conductivity, Growth, Respiration, Digestion, Absorption, Secretion, Excretion, Circulation, Reproduction, and Metabolism.

Compose every material thing in the universe, including the human body.

Chemical groupings formed from combinations of atoms.

Epithileal, Muscle, Connective, and Nervous.

Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, & Reproductive.

Support and movement, principal organ- skin. Primary functions- protection, temperature regulation, and sensation.

Support and movement. Principal organs- bones and ligaments. Primary functions- support, protection, movement, mineral and fat storage, blood production.

Support and movement. Principal organs- skeletal muscles and tendons. Primary functions- movement, posture, and heat production.

Communication, control, and integration. Primary organs- brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory organs. Primary functions- control, regulation, coordination of other systems, sensation, and memory.

Communication, control, and integration. Principal organs- pituitary gland, aldrenals, pancreas, thyroid, parathyroid, and other glands. Primary function- control and regulate other systems.

Transportation and defense. Primary organs- heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries. Primary function- exchange and transport of materials.

Transportation and defense. Primary organs- lymph nodes, Lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus, and tonsils. Primary functions- immunity and fluid balance.

Respiration, nutrition, and excretion. Principal organs- stomach, small and large intestine, liver, esophagus, mouth, and pancreas. Primary functions- break down & absorption of nutrients and elimination of waste.

Respiration, nutrition, and excretion. Principal organs- kidneys, urethra, bladder, and ureters. Primary functions- excretion of waste, fluid and electrolyte balance, and acid-base balance.

Reproduction and development. Principal organs, male- testes, vas deferens, prostate, seminal vesicles, and penis. Principal organs, female- ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and breasts. Primary function- reproduction, continuity of genetic material, and nurturing of offspring.

Respiration, nutrition, and excretion. Principal organs- lungs, bronchial tree, trachea, larynx, and nasal cavity. Primary functions- gas exchange and acid-base balance.

The ability for the body to self-regulate to maintain constant conditions for the cells.

Sensor Mechanisms, Integration Center, Effector Mechanism, Feedback.

Nerve impulse or hormone transmitted to a particular center or point of reference.

Nerve impulse or hormone transmitted away from a particular center or point of reference

Organs, such as muscles or glands, that directly influence controlled physiological variables.

Uses by the body in an attempt to prevent or negate a change within the body. Responsible for maintaining a constant internal environment.

Do not work to maintain a constant internal environment, can be harmful to survival. This system is stimulator, instead of opposing a change in the internal environment, it tends to amplify or increase the change.

System where information is passed ahead to a other process to trigger a change in anticipation of an event that will follow.

Mechanisms operate at the tissue and organ level.

Outside control, operates at the system and organism levels.

A particle that carries a positive charge.

A particle that carries a negative charge.

A particle that has no charge, neutral.

Atoms with fewer or more than 8 electrons will attempt to lose, share, or gain electrons with other atoms to achieve stability.

Interactions between two or more atoms that occur largely as a result of activity between electrons in their outermost energy level. Most often involves unpaired electrons.

A chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

A bond that occurs when two atoms share electrons that are located on the outer energy levels of both atoms.

Weaker than Ionic and Covalent bonds, this bond forms weaker attachments and require less energy to break.

Synthesis, Decomposition, Exchange.

Two or more substances, called reactant, combine to form a different, more complex substance called a product. A+B----->AB

In this type of reaction, chemical bonds are broken and energy is released. AB------>A+B+Energy

Decompose two compounds and synthesize two new compounds. AB+CD----->AD+CB

Reactions that proceed in both directions. A+B <---->AB

Describes all the chemical reactions that occur in body cells.

Describes the reactions that break down larger food molecules into smaller units and, in doing so, often release energy.

Involves the many chemical reactions that build larger and more complex chemical molecules from smaller subunits.

Compounds composed of molecules that contain carbon-carbon covalent bonds or carbon-hydrogen covalent bonds, or both kinds of bonds.

Any compound that is not organic; some simple compounds that contain carbon, but not carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen covalent bonds.

Substances that interact readily with water.

Water fearing.

Minimize pH changes in the cells.

Simple sugars that typically contain from 3-7 carbon atoms; single sugar.

Contains two monosaccharide rings joined by a glycosidic linkage, consisting of a central oxygen covalently bonded to two carbons, one on each ring; two sugars.

Have the same molecular formula, but different structures.

Compounds that differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.

Identical in their arrangement of their covalent bonds, but different in the spatial arrangement.

Mirror images of isomers.

Macromolecules consisting of repeating units of simple sugars, usually glucose.

A polymer consisting of a-glucose subunits; the typical form of carvohydrate used for energy storage in plants.

The form in which subunits, joined by a 1-4 linkages are as energy sources in animal tissues.

Water-insoluble organic biomolecules.

The most abundant lipids, function as the body's most concentrated source of energy; fats.

All available bonds of it's hydrocarbon chain are filled, or saturated, with hydrogen atoms.

Has one or more double bonds in its hydrocarbon chain because not all the chain's carbon atoms are saturated with hydrogen atoms.

The constituents of proteins.

Isoleucine, Leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, and histidine.

The covalent carbon-nitrogen bond linking two amino acids together.

Two amino acids combined.

More than two amino acids combine.

Transmit hereditary information and determine what proteins a cell manufactures.

Composed of adenine, ribose, and three phosphates; is of major importance as the primary energy currency of all cells.