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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where the fetus grows and develops |
Uterus |
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Release of the oocyte from the ovary |
ovulation |
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External sac enclosing the testes |
Scrotum |
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Erectile tissue in the male |
Corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum |
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Site of fertilization |
Fallopian tube |
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Female homologue of the scrotum |
Labia majora |
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Part of sperm that produces ATP |
Midsection |
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Propels the sperm |
Flagellum |
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contracts to wrinkle scrotum; located in scrotal wall (fascia) |
Dartos muscle |
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Ejaculatory duct opens into this part of the urethra |
Prostatic |
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contracts to pull testes close to body; located in (around) the spermatic cord: |
Cremaster muscle |
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secretes 30% of semen volume; increases viability and motility of sperm |
Prostate |
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Site of storage and maturation of sperm |
Epididymis |
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secretes 60% of semen volume; alkaline pH; prostaglandins:
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Seminal Vesicles |
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Forms the blood testes barrier due to tight junctions between them |
Sustentacular cells |
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Layer of uterus that is shed during menstruation |
Endometrium |
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Female structure homologous to the bulbourethral gland |
Greater vestibular glands |
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Usual site of fertilization |
Ampulla of the fallopian tubes |
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Domed portion of the uterus |
Fundus |
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Found on the end of the infundibulum of uterine tubes |
Fimbriae |
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Middle, and thickest, layer of the uterus |
Myometrium |
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Sheet-like ligament, attaches uterus to the lateral body wall |
Broad ligament |
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Ligament that attaches uterus to labia majora |
Round ligament |
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Milk producing glands |
Mammary glands |
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Thin piece of epithelial mucosa over the vaginal orifice |
Hymen |
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Diamond shaped area midline to the thighs and buttocks of both the male and female |
Perineum |
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Hormone responsible for maintaining the corpus luteum if there is a pregnancy (for up to 10 weeks) |
hCG |
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Two types of arteries supplying the endometrium |
Spiral and straight |
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Two layers of the stratum functionalis |
1. Spongiosum 2. Campactum |
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3 ovarian ligaments |
1. Ovarian 2. Suspensory 3. Mesovarium |
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3 uterine ligaments |
1. Broad 2. Uterosacral 3. Round |
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Function of the Sustentacular cells |
Support developing sperm and form the blood testes barrier |
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Function of the Interstitial cells |
Produce testosterone |
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Function of the cells in seminiferous tubules |
Produce sperm |
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Low blood testosterone levels in the male prompts the release of _________________ from the hypothalamus. |
GnRH |
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Low blood estrogen and progesterone levels in the female prompts the release of __________________ from the hypothalamus. |
GnRH |
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GnRH causes the _________ to release ____________ and _____________ in both male and female. |
Anterior pituitary, FSH, and LH |
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Why are hormones only able to affect certain cells and not others? |
There are receptors for the hormones |
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Alpha cells secrete |
Glucagon |
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Beta cells secrete |
Insulin |
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Delta cells secrete |
Somatostatin (SS) |
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F cells secrete |
Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) |
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(GHRH) Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone |
Source: Hypothalamus Target: Adenohypophysis Principal Action: Stimulates release of growth hormone |
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(GHIH) Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone |
Source: Hypothalamus Target: Adenohypophysis Principal Action: Inhibits release of growth hormone |
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(CRH) Corticotropin Releasing Hormone |
Source: Hypothalamus Target: Adenohypophysis Principal Action: Stimulates release of ACTH |
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(TRH) Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone |
Source: Hypothalamus Target: Adenohypophysis Principal Action: Stimulates release of TSH |
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(GnRH) Gonadotropin Release Hormone |
Source: Hypothalamus
Target: Adenohypophysis Principal Action: Stimulates release of gonadotropins (FSH & LH) |
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(PRH) Prolactin Releasing Hormone |
Source: Hypothalamus Target: Adenohypophysis Principal Action: Stimulates release of prolactin (PRL) |
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(PIH) Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone |
Source: Hypothalamus Target: Adenohypophysis Principal Action: Inhibits release of prolactin (PRL) |
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(GH) Growth Hormone |
Source: Adenohypophysis Target: General Principal Action: Promotes growth - stimulates protein anabolism & fat mobilization |
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(PRL) Prolactin |
Source: Adenohypophysis Target: Mammary Glands Principal Action: Promotes milk secretion |
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(TSH) Thyroid Stimulating Hormone |
Source: Adenohypophysis Target: Thyroid gland Principal Action: Stimulates development & secretion in the thyroid gland |
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(ACTH) Adrenocorticotropic Hormone |
Source: Adenohypophysis Target: Adrenal cortex Principal Action: Promotes development & secretion in the adrenal cortex |
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(FSH) Follicle Stimulating Hormone |
Source: Adenohypophysis Target: Gonads Principal Action: Promotes development of ovarian follicle & stimulates estrogen secretion in females, Stimulates production of sperm, promotes development of testes in males |
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(LH) Luteinizing Hormone |
Source: Adenohypophysis Target: Gonads Principal Action: Triggers ovulation and develops corpus luteum in Females, Stimulates production of testosterone in Males |
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(ADH) Antidiuretic Hormone |
Source: Neurohypophysis Target: Kidney Principal Action: Promotes water retention by kidney tubules |
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(OT) Oxytocin |
Source: Neurohypophysis Target: Uterus & mammary glands Principal Action: Stimulates uterine contractions, stimulates ejection of milk into mammary gland ducts |
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(T3) Triiodothyronine |
Source: Thyroid gland Target: General Principal Action: Increases rate of metabolism |
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(T4) Tetraiodothyronine (thyroxin) |
Source: Thyroid gland Target: General Principal Action: Increases rate of metabolism |
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(CT) Calcitonin |
Source: Thyroid gland Target: Bone tissue Principal Action: Increases calcium storage in bone, lowering blood calcium levels |
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(PTH) Parathyroid Hormone |
Source: Parathyroid glands Target: Bone tissue & Kidney Principal Action: Increases calcium removal from bone, increasing calcium absorption by the intestines |
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Aldosterone |
Source: Adrenal cortex Target: Kidney Principal Action: Stimulates kidney tubules to conserve sodium (water follows) |
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Cortisol |
Source: Adrenal cortex Target: General Principal Action: Influences metabolism of food molecules, has anti-inflammatory properties in late quantities |
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Adrenal Androgens |
Source: Adrenal cortex Target: Sex organs Principal Action: Role uncertain, may support sexual function |
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Adrenal estrogens |
Source: Adrenal cortex Target: Sex organs Principal Action: Thought to be physiologically insignificant |
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Epinephrine |
Source: Adrenal medulla Target: Sympathetic effectors Principal Action: Enhances & prolongs the effects of sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system |
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Norepinephrine |
Source: Adrenal medulla Target: Sympathetic effectors Principal Action: Enhances & prolongs the effects of sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system |
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Glucagon |
Source: Alpha cells Target: General Principal Action: Promotes movement of glucose from storage & into the blood |
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Insulin |
Source: Beta cells Target: General Principal Action: Promotes movement of glucose out of the blood & into cells |
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(SS) Somatostatin |
Source: Delta cells Target: Pancreatic cells & other effectors Principal Action: Promotes movement of glucose from storage & into the blood |
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(PP) Pancreatic polypeptide |
Source: Pancreatic polypeptide cells of F cells Target: Intestinal cells & other effectors Principal Action: Exact function unknown, seems to influence absorption in the digestive tract |
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Functions of the Fallopian tubes (Uterine tubes) |
1. Receives egg 2. Site of fertilization |
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Function of Uterus |
1. Receives, retains, & nourishes a fertilized ovum |
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3 layers of the uterine wall |
1. Perimetrium (outer) 2. Myometrium (middle) 3. Endometrium (inner layer) |
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Functions of the vagina |
1. Copulatory organ (accepts penis) 2. Passageway for fetus & menstrual pose |
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2 types of arterioles are found in the endometrium |
1. Straight 2. Spiral |
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2 layers of the endometrium |
1. Stratum Functionalis 2. Stratum Basalis |
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Steroid based Hormones |
1. Cortisol 2. Aldosterone 3. Estrogen 4. Progesterone 5. Testosterone |
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T4 and T3 affect metabolism of |
every body cell |
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PTH (parathyroid hormone) increases ionic calcium levels in the blood by stimulating 3 target organs: |
1. Skeleton 2. Kidneys 3. Intestine |
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Days 1-5 |
Menstrual phase |
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Days 6-13 |
Pre-ovulatory phase (post-menstrual) |
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Day 14 |
Ovulation |
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Day 14-28 |
Pre-menstrual (post-ovulatory) |
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Function of the testes: |
1. Sperm production (seminiferous tubules) 2. Production of testosterone (interstitial cells) |
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Function of the testes: |
1. Sperm production (seminiferous tubules) 2. Production of testosterone (interstitial cells) |
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Testosterone is produced by ________ cells |
Interstitial (leydig) |
