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127 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which hormone targets the kidneys, promoting water reabsorption? This effectively raises blood volume and blood pressure. |
ADH |
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Insulin is secreted by the beta cells in the Islets of the pancreas. |
TRUE |
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Which gland hangs below the hypothalamus? |
pituitary |
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Which gland produces and releases human growth hormone? |
anterior pituitary/adenohypophysis |
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Which gland produces and releases the norepinephrine and epinephrine? |
adrenal medulla gland |
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The overall response of the body, due to the action of antidiruetic hormone, is to
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increase water retention
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The function of platelets is
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reduce blood loss
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The most active phagocytic cells found in the blood are
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Neutrophils and macrophages
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Which component of blood is most responsible for transporting oxygen in the body?
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red blood cells
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The blood cells responsible for plugging small holes in blood vessels are
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platelets
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Which pancreatic hormone increases blood glucose levels? |
glucagon |
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the cardiovascular system? -It produces oxygen. -It transports hormones. -It helps to regulate body temperature. -It defends body against disease-causing organisms. -It transports nutrients. |
It produces oxygen |
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Which pair of chambers of the heart contain oxygenated blood? |
left atrium and left ventricle |
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The cells responsible for specific immunity are |
Lymphocytes |
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The left lymphatic duct drains lymph from the _______ |
left torso and head as well as lower half of body |
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Which of the following is not a lymphatic organ or structure? |
pancreas |
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Which of the following vessels delivers blood to the brain and head? |
carotid artery |
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Which vessels have valves? |
both lymph vessels and veins |
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The blood vessel that provides nutrients to the liver, from the stomach and intestine, as well as drain the spleen is the |
hepatic portal vein |
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Which vessels are a tunica intima only, making them ideal for gas and nutrient exchange? |
capillaries |
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This artery distributes blood through the organs of the thigh |
femoral artery |
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Thyroid hormone functions to |
increase the rate at which glucose is utilized (increase metabolism) |
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An increase in blood glucose and an anti-inflammatory effect are important effects of |
cortisol |
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The overall response of the body, due to the action of Glucagon, is to |
increase blood glucose |
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The overall response of the body, due to the action of Calcitonin, is to |
reduce Blood calcium |
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Which of the following hormones decreases blood glucose levels? |
insulin |
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The overall response of the body, due to the action of Insulin, is to |
decrease blood glucose |
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This is your body's major metabolic hormone. |
thyroid |
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The overall response of the body, due to the action of Prolactin, is |
promote production of milk |
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The overall response of the body, due to the action of Thyroxine, is to |
increased body metabolism |
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The overall response of the body, due to the action of antidiruetic hormone, is to |
increase water retention |
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Which gland produces and releases human growth hormone? |
anterior pituitary/adenohypophysis |
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The production site for Norpinephrine is the |
adrenal medulla |
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Which pair of chambers of the heart contain oxygenated blood? |
left atrium and left ventricle |
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The dominant constituent of plasma is |
electrolytes |
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Which structure would be carrying the most higly oxygenated blood |
pulmonary vein |
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Blood drains from the myocardium of the heart via the |
coronary vein |
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The chamber that pumps the blood through the lung is the |
right ventricle |
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The white blood cells which are responsible for specific antibody production are |
lymphocyte(B) |
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Blood supplies the myocardium of the heart via the |
coronary artery |
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Which carries deoxygenated blood into the right atrium? |
inferior vena cava |
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The most active phagocytic cells found in the blood are |
Neutrophils and macrophages |
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Which component of blood is responsible for transporting oxygen in the body? |
red blood cells |
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The most common of all of the blood cells are |
erythrocytes |
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The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to |
pump blood with greater pressure |
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Which vessels are responsible for regulating flow of blood to capillaries? |
arterioles |
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These veins provide venous blood to the liver. |
hepatic portal vein OR gastric, splenic and mesenteric veins |
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This artery distributes blood through the organs of the thigh |
femoral artery |
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Lymph from the right leg flows into the |
left subclavian vein |
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Antibodies that act against a particular foreign substance are released by |
plasma cells (B lymphocytes) |
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This artery distributes blood through the organs of the arm |
brachial artery |
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This vein receives blood from the entire lower half of the body, including abdominal organs |
inferior vena cava |
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What are the cells most responsible for producing the immune (or specific disease resistance) response? |
lymphocytes |
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Which of the following vessels provides oxygenated blood to the liver? |
hepatic artery |
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This artery distributes blood through the thoracic cavity |
thoracic artery |
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The vessel that works to drain blood from the abdominopelvic organs is the |
inferior vena cava |
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Identify the organ that removes old red blood cells, holds B cells and has blood pass through it. |
spleen |
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Arrange the following in the correct sequence for the organs of the alimentary canal from inside (lumen)to the outside: 1)esophagus, 2)large intestine, 3)stomach, 4)small intesting |
1,3,4,2 |
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This organ cleans inspired air from the nose. |
paranasal sinuses |
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Which of the following organs moves food from the pharynx to the stomach? |
esophagus |
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Food is prevented from entering the trachea by the |
epiglottis |
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Arrange the following in the correct sequence for the layers within the wall of the alimentary canal from inside (lumen)to the outside: 1)mucosa, 2)serosa, 3)submucosa, 4)muscularis, |
1,3,4,2 |
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Which of the following valves prevents the movement of gastric fluids back to the esophagus? |
lower esophageal sphincter |
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The structure responsible for gas exchange is |
alveolus |
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Which organ filters blood to produce urine? |
kidney |
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The structure where spermatozoa are collected and stored, from the testes, is the ______________________. |
epididymis |
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The glomerular capillaries |
filters material from the blood |
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The layer of the uterus responsible for contraction is the |
myometrium |
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Where is the site of oogenesis? |
ovary |
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Which female reproductiWhich female reproductive structure produces milk?ve structure produces milk? |
mammary (alveolar) glands |
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The structure responsible for producing sperm and testosterone is |
testes |
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nephron |
consists of: glomerular corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule, loop, distal convoluted ducts, collecting duct. These are the functional units of the kidney. |
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what are the most common types of nephron? |
cortical |
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what is the function of the juxtamedullary nephron? |
allows the kidneys to produce highly concentrated urine |
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3 purposes of nephron |
filtration, secretion, reabsorption |
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2 types of cells present at the collecting tubule of nephron |
principal cells (most common) and intercalated cells |
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purposes of principal cells |
detect ADH (anti-diuretic hormone) and aldosterone |
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purpose of intercalated cells |
maintain blood pH |
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Papillary ducts of the kidneys |
help with water reabsorption and electrolyte balancing |
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papillary ducts of the kidneys drain into |
minor and major calyces |
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renal calyces |
Propels urine through the renal pelvis and uteters to the bladder. |
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Define Exocrine Glands |
glands that secrete their products (sweat, oil, mucus, and digestive juices) into ducts that carry the secretions into the body cavities, into the lumen of an organ, or to the outer surface of the body. |
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Define Endocrine Glands |
Glands that secrete their products (hormones) into the interstitial fluid surrounding the secretory cells, rather than into ducts. From the interstitial fluid hormones move into blood capillaries and are carried by the blood throughout the body. |
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Name the exocrine glands |
Sweat glands, oil glands, mucus glands and digestive glands |
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Name the endocrine glands |
Hypothalamus, pituitary (anterior and posterior), thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal (adrenal medulla, Adrenal Cortex), Pancreas, pineal, and Thymus.
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Define Hypothalamus |
Major regulatory organ that produces hormones (releasing hormones) causing Pituitary gland cells to release other hormones. |
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Which hormone is released by the hypothalamus? |
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) |
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What is the master of the pituitary gland? |
Hypothalamus |
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Define Anterior Pituitary Gland (Adenohypophysis) |
secretes hormones that regulate a wide range of bodily activities, from growth to reproduction. |
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What hormones are released by the Anterior Pituitary Gland (Adenohypophysis) |
Human Growth Hormone, FSH (Follicile stimulating hormone), LH (Leutinizing hormone), Prolactin |
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Growth hormone |
Promotes normal bone growth, muscle development, and use of fat |
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FSH - FSH (Follicile stimulating hormone) |
promotes ova (eggs) and spermatozoa (sperm) development |
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LH-LH (Leutinizing hormone) |
promotes ovulation in females, estrogen/progesterone production in females, and testosterone production in males |
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Prolactin |
Milk production |
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Define Posterior Pituitary |
Stores and releases two hormones OT (oxytocin), and ADH (antidiuretic hormone) |
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Which part of the pituitary gland is a continuation of some of the hypothalamus nervous tissue? |
Posterior Pituitary Gland |
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Thyroid Follicular Cells produce which hormone? |
Thyroxine (thyroid hormone,T3,T4)
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Thyroxine (thyroid hormone, T3, T4) |
Major metabolic hormone raises Basal Metabolic Rate and promotes O2 and glucose use for making energy. |
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Thyroid Parafollicular Cells produces which hormone? |
Calcitonin |
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Calcitonin |
Lowers blood calcium levels, adding into the bones. Produced by the parafollicular cells of thyroid. |
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Parathyroid Gland produces what hormone? |
PTH (parathyroid hormone) |
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PTH (parathyroid hormone) |
raises blood calcium levels, removing it from the bones urine and dietary sources. |
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Adrenal Cortex |
The cortex is the outer part of the adrenal glands. Each adrenal gland sits atop a kidney. |
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Which hormone is produced be the Adrenal Cortex? |
Aldosterone, and Cortisol |
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Aldosterone |
Targets the kidneys tubules, promoting sodium absorption thus increasing blood pressure. |
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Cortisol |
increases glucose levels by using carb energy storage, promotes fat burning, protein burning, also immune suppressant, decreases inflammation (long term stress hormones) |
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What is the long term stress hormone? |
Cortisol |
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Adrenal Medulla |
the medulla is the mid-portion, actually nervous tissue. It is the inner region of the adrenal gland which secretes hormones. |
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The Adrenal Medulla secretes which hormone/(s)? |
epinephrine, norepinephrine |
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epinephrine and norepinephrine |
increase heart rate, respiratory rates, blood pressure. (Fight or Flight short term stress hormones) |
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Which hormone/(s) trigger the fight or flight response in the brain? |
epinephrine and norepinephrine |
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Which hormone/(s) trigger the short term stress response in the brain? |
epinephrine and norepinephrine |
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Pancreas |
Both an endocrine and exocrine gland. consists of a head, body and tail. 99% Composed of acini (exocrine cell clusters) which produce digestive enzymes which flow into the gastrointestinal tract through ducts. Scattered among the exocrine acini are 1-2 million endocrine clusters called pancreatic islets or Islest of Langerhans. |
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What hormone/s are produces by the Pancreas? |
Glucagon, and Insulin |
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Glucagon |
raised blood levels "alpha cells" |
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Insulin |
Lowers blood glucose levels "beta cells" |
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Thymus |
secretes several hormones related to immunity |
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What hormone/s does the thymus release or secrete? |
Thymosin |
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Thymosin |
makes T-cells/ T lymphocytes and immunocompetent (stimultes immune system cells) (Thymic humoral factor)THF, TF (thymic factor) and Thymopoietin promote the maturation of T cells |
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functions of the blood |
distribution/transport, regulation, protection |
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how does the blood distribute/transport? |
delivers nutrients and oxygen, transports metabolic wastes (nitrogenous wastes to kidneys, CO2 to lungs) and hormones |
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how does the blood regulate the body? |
the blood maintains body temp, a normal pH and fluid volume |
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how does the blood protect? |
the blood clots to prevent blood loss and transports and produces antibodies, wbc's and complement proteins to fight infection |
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target cells |
cells that respond to hormones
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what are the two types of hormones? |
protein based and steroid (cholesterol) based hormones |
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name the two protein hormones |
insulin and epinephrine |
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name the three cholesterol based hormones |
estrogen, testosterone, and cortisol |
