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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Male gamete - female - |
- sperm - oocyte |
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Fertiliazation: Males - Females - |
- Duct system nourishes sperm/ penis deposites sperm in females. - receives sperm and transport to site of uterine tube. |
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Development of human: females only - |
- baby remain in uterus until birth - provides nourshment after birth. |
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PRoduction of reproductive hormones Same for male and female - |
- Control development - Formation of gene-specific features - General maintenance - Reproductive behavior. |
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Functions of the next few: Scrotum - |
sac that contains testes to make sure they are out of the body. |
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Testes - |
spermatogenesis |
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Seminferous tubules - |
produce sperm |
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interstitial cells - |
produce testosterone |
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Epididymis - |
sperm maturation/spermiogenesis |
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Seminal vesicle - |
secretes a substance that has fructose, citric acid, and fibrinogen |
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Prostate gland - |
secretes fluid that nourishes and protect sperm |
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Bulbourethro gland - |
lubricates |
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Pathway of sperm - |
Testes, Epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, prostate gland, urethra |
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Why does sperm have to be kept at a certain temp? |
Sperm for optimal development and to keep themfunctioning properly. Sperm production is at a lower temperature than the body. |
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Cryptochidism - |
the condition of undescendedtesticle. C$-] |
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semen - |
Sperm cells plus thesecretions from accessory glands. |
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functions of parts of sperm: Head - Midpeice - Tail - |
- contain DNA - mitochondria - to produce energy; contractile proteins - use the energy - motility |
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How a penile erection occurs: |
The corpus spongiosum and the corpus cavernosum become engorged with blood which causes vasodilation in blood vessels. |
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Erection - sympathetic or sympathetic? |
para |
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Steps of an erection are similar to steps in |
neuromsucular junction |
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steps of an erectiion - |
acetylcholine is released from vesicles, binds to G- protein - relazes smooth muscle cells - vasodilation |
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Another way - |
Nitric Oxide binds to an guanylate cyclase that will relax smooth muscle cells |
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Similarity to emission and ejaculation - |
both sympathetic. |
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Proper order of a males turned on - |
erection, emission, and ejaculation |
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Emission is the - |
discharge of semen into the urethra. |
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Ejaculation - |
the expulsion of seman from urethra |
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Ejaculation - needs what two things? |
It has a somatic motor component Pudendal nerve |
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Four hormones that influence male reproductive system - |
GnRH LH FSH ICSH |
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GnRH: gonadotrpoin releasing hormone secreted from? effects what organ? regulated by? released in? |
hypothalamus anterior pituitary negative feedbacl intervals. |
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LH - lutinizing hormone: secreted from? acts on? |
anterior pituitary gland interstitial cells to testosterone |
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FSH - follicle stimulating hormone: secreted from? acts on ? |
anterior pituitary gland semineferous tubules to produce sperm |
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ICSH - |
interstitial cell stimulated hormone |
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7 effects of testosterone on puberty for men - |
1. Axillary and pubic hair 2. Apocrine and sebaceous sweat glands 3. Growth of bones and muscles 4. Voice - deepening 5. Sex drive 6. Enlarged external genitalia 7. Increased metabolism. |
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testosterone is regulated both by |
postive and negative |
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Erection: para or sympath? releases? vaso? stimulates what nerve? |
parasympathetic AcH Vasodilation pudendal |
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Emission: para or symp? what is it? |
sympathetic - entry of semen into the urethra. |
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Ejaculation: para or symp? due to ? |
sympathetic the contraction of skeletal muscles in the urogenital diaphragm. |
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Orgasm - |
release of endorphins and dopamine |
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Resolution - |
everything goes back to normal |
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Functions of next few: Ovaries - |
secrete estrogen, progesterone, oocytes - ovogenesis and ovulation |
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Uterine tubes - |
fertilization of egg |
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Fimbriae - |
increase surface area to receive ovulated oocyte. |
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Mucosa - |
transportation |
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Uterus - |
implanation, menstruation |
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Perimetrium - |
protects from friction |
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Myometrium - |
contraction and expulsion |
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Endometrium - |
provides support to the developing embryo. |
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Broad ligament - |
anchors uterus and fallopian tubes |
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7 changes of female during puberty |
1. Pubic/axillary hair 2. Fat deposits 3. Growth in height 4. Menarche - menstruation 5. External genitalia enlarge 6. Hormone secretion - estrogen and progesterone 7. The voice deepens. |
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Stages of ovarian follicular development - |
Primordial follicle primary follicle secondary follicle vesicular follicle Corpus luteum Corpus albicians |
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Cells in first four stage of ovarian development: |
1. primary oocyte 2. primary oocyte 3. Primary oocyte 4. Primary oocyte, unless ovulated, then secondary oocyte. |
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corpus luteum: secretes? that secretion does what? |
progesterone - prepares the lining of the uterus to accept an impanted trophoblast for a developing embryo |
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The peak amount of eggs that you have is around what time? |
In utero at month 4 |
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Ovulation - |
To release the secondary oocyte into the fallopian tube |
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What hormones trigger ovulation? What do they hormones tell it to do? |
LH/FSH - allows the primary oocyte to finish meiosis 1 |
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Ovulation - neg or positve feedback? |
positive |
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Ovarian cycle and days of each phase - |
1. Follicular - 1-13 2. Ovulation - 13-15 3. Luteal - 15-28 |
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Uterine Phase: and days |
1. Menstrual - 1-5 2. Proliferative - 5-14 3. Secretory - 14-28 |
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Mestural: - due to ? |
decrease secretion of progestrone. |
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Proliferative: what happens? |
Uterus lining gets bigger. |
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Secretory: what happens ? |
The glands secrete LH to stimulate the ovary to secrete |
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Hormone of female reproductive system 5 |
1. GnRh 2. FSH 3. LH 4. Estrogen 5. Progesterone |
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Gnrh: act on? secrete? |
anterior pitutary to secrete FSH and LH |
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FSH: - develops what? increases what? |
- follicles - estrogen |
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LH: increases what? Forms what? |
estrogen and FSH Ovulation and corpus luteum |
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Estrogen: what it does? |
proliferates the endometrium of uterus |
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Progesterone: causes? |
the glands to get larger and secrete their specific hormones |
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sexual arousal is due to? |
stimulation of the clitoris |
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stimulation of the clit is a what kind of response? |
parasympathetic. |
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the response is carried by what nerve ? what does it carry? |
pudendal nerve Carries somatic motor output for orgasm |
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Orgasm - |
secrets lubricating mucous |
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Resolution - |
everything coming back to normal |
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sexual behaviors - |
depends on the hormones androgens and steroids and psychological factors. |
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events after ovulation: |
1. zygote forms 2. Cleavage 3. Morula 4. Blastocyst 5. Implantation |
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Cleavage - |
division without growth |
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Morula - |
end of cleavage |
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Blastocyst - what is it and what day? |
a hollow ball of cells with one end of inner cell mass. day 6 |
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the inner cell mass becomes? |
embryo |
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Implantation- what day? what happens? |
7 the trophoblast will develop in placenta. |
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Female hormones of pregnancy: 5 |
1. hCG 2. Progesterone 3. Estrogen 4. Oxytocin 5. Prolactin |
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hCG: what does it stand for? most important in what trimester? why is this important in early pregnancy? |
- Human chorionic Gonadotrpin - first trimester - pregnancy tests |
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Progesterone: most important in what trimester? |
second and third |
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Estrogen: important in what trimester? |
third. |
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Oxytocin: what does it do? |
Stimulates labor and milk let down |
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Prolactin - |
milk production |
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What happens during menopause? 7 |
1. Itchy 2. Mood changes 3. Bloaty 4. Sleepy 5. Forgetful 6. Psycho 7. Sweaty |
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Menopause - |
– decreased production of estrogen and progesterone by the ovaries, which causes a huge increase in LH and FSH. |
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Age related changes in male - |
decreased sperm production and lose bone and muscle mass |
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Age related changes in female - |
ostoporosis from loss of estrogen and menopause. |
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4 methods of preventing pregnancy |
1. Behavioral 2. Mechanical 3. Chemical 4. Surgical methods |
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Ex of each method - behavioral - mechanical - chemical - surgical - |
- abstience, pulling out, calender method - condoms, diaphragm - Oral contraceptives, patch, vaginal ring - vasectomy, tubal ligation |
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Virus aquired STD -
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Herpes simplex II Genital warts HIV - human immunodeficency virus |
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bacteria aquired STD -
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Gonorrhea Chlamydia |