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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The term used for a punctured lung is
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pneumothorax
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Boyle’s law states that
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given a gas of constant temperature, increasing the volume of the chamber in which the gas is contained will decrease the pressure.
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The lateral aspect of the thorax is made up of the
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rib cage
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The ______ of the sternum is the largest component, forming the point of attachment for all but one of the true ribs.
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corpus
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The ______ hiatus is the opening of the diaphragm that permits connection of the pharyngeal region with the stomach.
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esophageal
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How many lumbar vertebrae are there in the human body?
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5
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C1 is termed the
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atlas
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A relative increase in air pressure over atmospheric pressure is known as __________ pressure.
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pressure
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The space holding the heart is termed the ________________
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mediastinum
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Alveoli are located at the ends of the _______ bronchioles.
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terminal
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The muscle is found on the inner surface of the rib cage, originating on the margin of the sternum, with fibers coursing to the inner chondral surface of ribs 2 through 6. Contraction of this muscle resists elevation of the rib cage and decreases the volume of the thoracic cavity.
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transversus thoracis
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The ______pleurae cover the surface of the lungs.
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parietal
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The muscles are posterior thoracic muscles of inspiration that elevate the rib cage. Each portion originates on a transverse process of a vertebra (from C7 through T11), for a total of 12 muscles. Fibers course obliquely down and out to insert into the tubercle of the rib below.
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levator costarum brevis
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The esophagus is (anterior/posterior) to the trachea.
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posterior
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The_______ is a flexible tube beneath the larynx, forming the first passageway to the lungs.
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trachea
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The phrenic nerve arises from the________ plexus.
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cervical
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The pelvic girdle is comprised of the ilium, sacrum, pubic bone, and ___________.
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ischium.
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How many cervical vertebrae are there in the human body?
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7
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Which process forms the palpable aspect of the vertebral column?
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spinous
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Secondary bronchi serve _______ the of the lungs.
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lobes
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There are how many true ribs?
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7
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The_______ intercostal muscles are primarily involved in expiration.
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internal
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Gas exchange occurs within the minute air sacs of the lungs called
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alveoli
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The attachment of the diaphragm is the anterior-most point of origin of this muscle.
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sternal
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The muscle is a massive muscle of inspiration making up the superficial upper back and neck; it originates along the spinous processes of C2 to T12 by means of fascial connection.
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trapezius
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The external intercostal muscles (elevate/depress) the rib cage.
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elevate
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The tendon is________ the point of insertion for all muscle fibers of the diaphragm.
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central
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Elevate each of the ribs during inspiration
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external intercostals
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Arm muscle that attaches to the sternum and elevates the sternum during inspiration
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pectoralis major
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Responsible for turning the head, as well as elevating the thorax
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sternocleidomastoid
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Lies deep to the pectoralis major, originates on the coracoid process of the scapula, and elevates the rib cage
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pectoralis minor
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The primary muscle of inspiration
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diaphragm
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Spinal nerves exit the spinal cord via the
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intervertebral foramen.
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A relative decrease in air pressure under atmospheric pressure is known as ________pressure.
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negative
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The nerve innervates the diaphragm.
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phrenic
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The muscle is actually a muscle of the arm, and elevates the rib cage by means of sternal and clavicular muscular components.
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pectoralis major
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At rest, the rib cage slopes
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downward
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The functional unit of the vertebral column is the
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vertebrae
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The serratus posterior superior muscles (elevate/depress) the rib cage.
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elevates
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The muscles originate on the spinous processes of the T11, T12, and L1 through L3 vertebrae and course up and laterally to insert into the lower margin of the lower five ribs. Contraction of these muscles pulls the rib cage down for expiration.
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serratus posterior inferior
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Which is the inferior-most component of the vertebral column?
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Coccyx
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When the volume of a closed container such as a hypodermic needle is increased,
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pressure decreases.
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The lining completely envelops the lungs and the interior thoracic wall.
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pleural
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The odontoid process is present only on the
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second cervical vertebra.
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The process is the inferior-most aspect of the sternum.
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ensiform / xiphoid
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The diaphragm muscle fibers arising from the point of attachment encircle the esophagus as they transit to the central tendon.
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vertebral
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Contraction of this muscle brings the sternum closer to the pubic symphysis
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rectus abdominis
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Unilateral contraction of this muscle helps rotate the trunk in the direction of contraction
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internal oblique abdominis
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Deep to the rib cage; depresses the rib cage during expiration
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transversus thoracis
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Elevates the ribs
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external intercostals
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Originates on the inguinal ligament and linea semilunaris and courses fanlike to insert into the lower ribs
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external oblique abdominis
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Tertiary bronchi serve the of the lungs.
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segments
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When the serous fluid between the pleural linings is lost or reduced, a person is said to have ______________ .
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pleurisy
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Forms the superior aspect of the pectoral girdle
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clavicle
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The inferior-most component of the vertebral column
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coccyx
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Vertebrae that have an opening through which the vertebral artery passes
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cervical vertebrae
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The head of the first rib attaches to this structure
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manubrium sterni
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Forms the anterior-most attachment of the diaphragm
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xiphoid process
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The superior-most structure of the sternum
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manubrium sterni
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Quadratus lumborum
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trunk stability
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Transversus thoracis
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expiration
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Internal intercostal, interchondral component
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inspiration
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Trapezius
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neck stability
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External intercostal
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inspiration
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Rhomboideus major and minor
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trunk stability
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Internal intercostal, intraosseous component
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Expiration
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Scalenus anterior
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neck stability
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Pectoralis major
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inspiration
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Sternocleidomastoid
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inspiration
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Which of the following is defined as the exchange of oxygen between an organism and its environment?
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respiration
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How many sacral vertebrae are there in the human body?
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5
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The of the sternum is the point of attachment for the first rib and clavicle.
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manubrium
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Which of the following forms the superior attachment for the inguinal ligament?
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Iliac crest
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The muscle elevates the sternum and clavicle, and also rotates the head.
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sternocleidomastoid
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Which processes form the primary attachment of the rib to the vertebral column?
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Transverse
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The (left/right) lung has two lobes.
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left
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There is/are how many floating ribs?
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2
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The __________ portion of the internal intercostal muscles is involved in inspiration.
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interchondral|chondral
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During inspiration, the inspiratory muscles of the rib cage contract, causing the rib cage to (elevate/depress) .
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elevate
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Divides the left and right rectus abdominis muscles
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linea alba
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Forms the insertion for the rectus abdominis
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linea semilunaris
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Forms the superior point of attachment for the rectus abdominis
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xiphoid process
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Courses from the iliac crest to the pubic symphysis
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inguinal ligament
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Component of the posterior attachment of the abdominal aponeurosis
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thoracolumbar fascia
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Pressure is defined as
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F = P/A.
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How many thoracic vertebrae are there in the human body?
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12
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The pleurae cover the rib cage.
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costal
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Courses from the thoracolumbar fascia to the linea semilunaris
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transversus thoracis
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Elevates the rib cage
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external intercostals
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Segmented muscle that runs from the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis
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rectus abdominis
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Pulls the ribs closer together as it depresses the rib cage
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internal intercostals
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Arises from the transverse process of a thoracic vertebra and courses down to insert into the rib below
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levator costarum brevis
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Muscle of the thorax that depresses the last four ribs
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serratus posterior inferior
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Muscle of the thorax that elevates the first four ribs
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serratus posterior superior
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Arises from a thoracic vertebra and courses down. It skips the rib immediately below its vertebral origin and inserts into the rib below it
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levator costarum longis
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The is the point of bifurcation of the trachea.
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carina|carina tracheae
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The lungs are housed within the
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thorax
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When the rib cage becomes smaller during respiration, air will flow (into/out of) the lungs.
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out of
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The intercostal muscles are muscles of inspiration.
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external
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Which is the channel through which the spinal cord passes?
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Vertebral foramen
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The pectoral girdle consists of the scapula and
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clavicle.
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The muscle originates on the spinous processes of C7 and T1 through T3. Fibers from these muscles course down and laterally to insert just beyond the angles of ribs 2 through 5. This group of muscles elevates the rib cage during inspiration.
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serratus posterior superior
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During inspiration, the diaphragm is contracted, which causes it to (elevate/depress) .
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depress
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