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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Tissue
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A group of cells that usually work together in groups.
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Histology
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The science that deals with the study of tissues.
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Pathologist
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A physician who specializes in laboratory studies of cells and tissues to help other physicians make accurate diagnoses.
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Four Types of Tissues
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1. Epithelial
2. Connective 3. Muscular 4. Nervous |
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Epithelial Tissue
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Covers body surfaces and lines hollow organs, body cavities, and ducts. It also forms glands.
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Connective Tissue
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Protects and supports the body and its organs, some bind organs together, store energy reserves as fat, and help provide immunity to disease-causing organisms
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Muscular Tissue
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Generates the physical force needed to make body structures move and generates body heat.
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Nervous Tissue
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Detects changes in a variety of conditions inside and outside the body and responds by generating action potentials (nerve impulses) that activate muscular contractions and glandular secretions.
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Primary Germ Layers
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First tissues formed in the human embryo
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1. Ectoderm
2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm |
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Cell Junctions
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Contact points between the plasma membranes of tissue cells.
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Tight Junctions
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Consist of weblike strands of transmembrane proteins that fuse the outer surfaces of adjacent plasma membranes together to seal off passageways between adjacent cells.
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Adherens Junctions
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Contain Plaque
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Plaque
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A dense layer of proteins on the inside of the plasma membrane that attaches both to membrane proteins and to microfilaments of the cytoskeleton
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Cadherins
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Transmembrane glycoproteins that join the cell
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Adhesion Belts
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Extensive zones that encircle the cell similar to the way a belt encircles your waist.
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Desmosomes
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Contain plaque and have transmembrane glycoproteins that extend into the intercellular space between adjacent cell membranes and attach cells to one another.
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Hemidesmosomes
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Do not link adjacent cells. Look like half of a desmosome
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Integrins
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Inside plasma membrane: attach to intermediate filaments made of the protein keratin.
Outside: attach to the protein laminin |
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Gap Junctions
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Membrane proteins called connexins form tiny fluid-filled tunnels called connexons that connect neighboring cells.
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Epithelial Tissue
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The tissue that forms the innermost and outermost surfaces of body structures
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Apical (free) Surface
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Epithelial cell faces the body surface, a body cavity, the lumen (interior space) of an internal organ, or a tubular duct that receives cell secretions.
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Lateral Surfaces
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Epithelial cell faces the adjacent cells on either side.
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Basal Surface
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Epithelial cell is opposite the apical surface, and the basal surfaces of the deepest layer of cells adhere to extracellular materials.
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Basement Membrane
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A thin extracellular layer that commonly consists of two layers, the basal lamina and reticular lamina.
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Avascular
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Lacks its own blood supply.
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Covering and Lining Epithelium
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Forms the outer covering of the skin adn some internal organs, inner lining of blood vessels, ducts, and body cavities, and interior of the respiratory, digestice, urinary, and reproductive systems.
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Glandular Epithelium
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secreting portion of glands such as the thyroid, adrenal, and sweat glands
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Secretion
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Production and release of substances such as mucus, sweat, or enzymes.
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Absorption
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The intake of fluids or other substances such as digested food from the intestinal tract.
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Endothelium
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Simple squamous epithelium that lines the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels
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Mesothelium
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Simple squamous epithelium that forms the layer of serous membranes such as the pericardium, pleura, or peritoneum.
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Microville
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Fingerlike cytoplasmic projections, increase the surface area of the plasma membrane, thus increasing the of absorption by the cell.
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Goblet Cells
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Modified columnar epithelial cells that secrete mucus, a slightly sticky fluid, at their apical surfaces.
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Keratin
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A tough, fibrous protein that helps protect the skin and underlying tissues from heat, microbes, and chemicals.
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Gland
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Consist of a single cell or a group of cells that secrete substances into ducts (tubes), onto a surface, or into the blood.
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Endocrine Glands
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Secretions enter the interstitial fluid and then diffuse directly into the bloodstream.
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Exocrine Glands
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Secrete their products into ducts that empty onto the surface of a covering and lining epithelium such as the skin surface or the lumen of a hollow organ.
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