Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
respiratory organs
|
nasus, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
|
|
respiratory processes
|
pulmonary ventilation via inspiration and expiration, gas removal from lungs to blood, gas movement from blood to cells, cellular respiration
|
|
nasus
|
framework of bone and cartilage with parts
|
|
parts of nasus
|
apex-tip
alae-inferior expansions that unite with lip external nares-nostrils-openings to nose bridge-superior part formed by union of nasal bones |
|
air movement
|
external nares-vestibule-nasal meatuses-pharynx-larynx-trachea-bronchi- secondary bronchi- tertiary bronchi-bronchioles-terminal bronchioles-respiratory bronchioles-alveolar ducts-alveolar sacs-alveoli
|
|
meati or meatuses
|
groove like passageways in nasal cavities, formed by mucous membrane over conchae
|
|
conchae
|
turbinates
|
|
types of conchae
|
superior and middle conchae are formed by ethmoid bone, inferior conchae by two separate bones
|
|
nasal septum
|
separates nasal cavities, comprised of cartilage posterior and inferior plate of the vomer bone, perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone (posterior and superior)
|
|
hard palate
|
separates nasal and oral cavities, horizontal plates of two palatine bones, palatine processes of two maxillae
|
|
olfactory receptors
|
responsible for sense of smell, in upper portion of the nose
|
|
mucus membranes
|
in nasal cavities, contain pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells, many goblet cells, and many capillaries.
|
|
air conditioning in the meati
|
air is warmed by blood in capillaries, moistened by mucus membrane, cleaned by mucus and cilia
|
|
nasolacrimal ducts
|
drain tears from lacrimal ducts into nasal cavity, tears help to moisten air
|
|
paranasal sinuses
|
help to condition and resonate sounds, frontal, maxillary, ethmoidal, sphenoidal
|
|
internal nares
|
choanae, allow air to move into nasopharynx
|
|
pharynx
|
tube, 5" long, skeletal muscles and mucus membrane, nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
|
|
nasopharynx
|
lies over soft palate, with uvula, receives Eustachian Tubes, contains the pharyngeal tonsils
|
|
Eustachian Tubes
|
auditory or pharyngotympanic, open into middle ear, open by swallowing or yawning, helps to equalize air pressure on ear drum
|
|
oropharynx
|
extends form soft palate to level of hyoid bone, receives fauces, contains palatine and lingual tonsils
|
|
fauces
|
opening to oral cavity
|
|
laryngopharynx
|
extends downward from level of hyoid bone, empties into esophagus posteriorly and larynx and trachea anterirorly
|
|
otorhinolaryngology
|
study of diseases of ear, nose, and throat
|
|
larynx
|
voice box, functions to keep fluids and solids out via valve and cough effect, regulates airflow, framework for ligament and muscle attachment, connects pharynx to trachea and make sounds
|
|
three single cartilage in larynx
|
thyroid cartilage-Adam's Apple, epiglottic, cricoid
|
|
three paired cartilages in larynx
|
arytenoid=pyramidal, corniculated=horn shaped
cuneiform=wedge-shaped |
|
mucus membrane lining of larynx
|
two pairs of folds, ventricular, upper and vestibular or false vocal cords, true lower or just vocal cords, stretch from arytenoids to tyroid cartilage
|
|
vocal cords
|
make sound, intrinsic skeletal muscle, pull on cartilage which stretch cords around glottis, air forced through narrow glottis, high tension=high pitch, high pressure, louder sound
|
|
trachea
|
windpipe, passageway for air, cilia move mucus up to glottis, anterior to esophagus, extends form larynx to 5th thoracic vertebrae divides into right and left primary bronchi
|
|
trachea structure
|
wall supprted by c-cartilage(16-20 horizontal incomplete rings) of hyaline cartilage, open part with trachealis, esophagus expands into trachea, C's support walls so they do not collapse
|
|
trachealis
|
smooth muscle aspect of trachea in opening of c-cartilage
|
|
bronchi
|
trachea terminates and divides into, right vertical shorter with greater diameter, both contain c's of cartilage, linings of ciliated epithelium,
|
|
carina
|
ridge marking separation of two bronchi
|
|
secondary (lobar) bronchi
|
have c's of cartilage, one for each lobe of lung, 3 right, 2 left
|
|
tertiary (segmental) bronchi
|
one for each bronchopulmonary segment, 10/lung
|
|
bronchiole trends
|
decrease in cartilage, smooth muscle increases, diameter decrease, increase # of tubes, pseudostratified ciliated to simple cuboidal to simple squamous
|
|
alveoli
|
site of air exchange in lungs
|
|
type I alveolar
|
simple squamous epithelial cells
|
|
type II alveolar
|
septal cells, produce surfactant
|
|
surfactant
|
phospholipid whihc lowers surface tension of moisture in sac
|
|
alveolar macrophages
|
dust cells, highly phagocytic
|
|
respiratory membrane
|
epithelial cells, basement membrane, endothelial cells of capillaries
|
|
air
|
atmospheric (ambient) 21 % O2, 0.04% CO2, expired air 16% O2, 4% CO2
|