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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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adatapive significance |
role in survival and fitness, under ultimate causation, WHY? |
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altruism |
behavior that increases another individual offspring as cost to ones own survival and reproduction
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associative learning |
new response becomes linked with a particular stimulus, two stimuli that interact |
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behavioral ecology |
deals with ultimate causation, evolutionary basis for animal behavior due to ecological pressures, how natural selection shapes behavior
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classical conditioning |
paired presentation of two different kinds of stimuli causes the animal to form an association between the stimuli. AKA Pavlovian conditioning. unrelated stimuli
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cost-benefit analysis |
develop traits to benefit siblings, even if its bad for the other person ratio of cost to donor and benefits to receiver |
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Hamilton's rule |
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cost to donor relatedness of donor and receiver benefit to receiver |
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inclusive fitness |
own survival and reproduction aiding survival + reproduction of non-descendant heir direct+indirect |
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indirect fitness |
impact an individual has on the survival and reproduction of relatives |
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intrasexual selection |
competition with one another for the opportunity to mate. usually males |
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intersexual selection |
active choice of a mate, usually for female, can be determined by attractive traits of the males or what the males can provide in resources |
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kin selection |
favors reproductive success of organisms relatives, even at cost to own organisms survival and reproduction
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manipulation |
accidental altruism, one animal uses another one to get what they want. bird that puts its eggs in another nest |
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mating systems |
monogamy
polygyny polyandry promiscuity |
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monogomy |
single sexual partner, one male one female |
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mutualism |
two organisms work together, both benefit from relationship |
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ontogeny (level of analysis) |
proximate causation, HOW? development |
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operant conditioning |
voluntary or desired behavior becomes involved with reward, lack of reward or punishment. skinner.
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optimal group size |
aggrgations vs social groups vs colonies pros and cons for groups |
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parental investment |
time and energy put into an offspring. females tend to have higher
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phylogeny (level of analysis) |
ultimate causation, WHY? origin in groups of related species
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physiology (level of analysis) |
HOW? how influenced by hormones, nerve cells, and other internal factors |
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polyandry |
female with multiple males, rare
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polygyny |
male with multiple females
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promiscuous |
both sexes have multiple partners
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proximate causation |
mechanisms that produce the behavior
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reciprocity |
"partnerships" give aid and delay payment for the good deed to a time in the future when in need
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reproductive isolation |
prevent two different species that mate from producing offspring, or produce sterile offspring
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reproductive strategies |
set of behaviors that presumably have evolved to maximize reproductive success
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secondary sexual characteristics |
sexual selection leads to the evolution of structures used in combat with other males, as well as ornaments used to "persuade" members of the opposite sex to mate
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sexual dimorphism |
differences between sexes, males may be considerably larger than females
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sexual selection |
competition for mates
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territoriality |
individual defends a portion of its home range and uses it and its resources exclusively
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ultimate causation |
adaptive value. why a behavior evolved WHY? |
