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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Disjunct
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Separated
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Diapause
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Reproductive Dormancy
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Proximate Causation (Factors)
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Mechanistic explanations for how behavior occurs, including, in particular, hormones, the nervous system, and behavior development.
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Ultimate Causation (Factors)
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Those aspects of behavior that are concerned with why the behavior evolved and its functional significance in an ecological context.
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Comparative Method
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A comparison of the behavior of two or more species for the purpose of either elucidating some common aspects of the ecology and evolution of behavior or exploring the mechanisms underlying behavior.
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Observational Method
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In a historical context, the notion, developed by C. Lloyd Morgan, that only data gathered by direct experiment and watching the animals under study could provide the basis for generalizations. This was in contrast to Romanes' notion that much about animal behavior could be gained by inference from what was seen. In the modern sense, this refers to any of a number of techniques used to watch and record the actions and interactions of animals.
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Comparative Psychology
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A branch of psychology involving the study of animals. Some comparative psychologists are more concerned with learning, cognition, and intelligence in human and nonhuman animals, while others are indistinguishable from other animal behaviorists in that they explore the causation, development, evolution, and functional aspects of behavior in a broad range of species.
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Functionalists
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People who conduct studies involving attempts to discern how the mind works, as opposed to studies of its structure.
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Adaptive Behavior
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Behavior patterns that make an organism more fit to survive and reproduce in comparison with other members of the same species.
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Behaviorism
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A view of the actions of animals that postulates that behavior can be analyzed functionally in terms of stimulus and response combinations. Thus in this view most of behavior is a function of the experience of the organism.
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Ethology
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The study of patterns of animal behavior in natural environments, stressing the analysis of adaptation and the evolution of patterns.
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Ethogram
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An inventory of all of the behavior patterns of a species.
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Appetitive Behavior
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The flexible introductory phase of a behavior sequence during which the organism is searching to obtain something to meet a need, as in seeking food, a mate, stimulation of a specific type, etc.
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Consummatory Behavior
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Actions of an animal completing a behavior sequence, as in consuming food, mating, etc.
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Umwelt
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The sensory and perceptual world of the animal, dependent upon the types of sensory receptors that it possesses and the internal nervous system processes for receiving and interpreting those stimuli.
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Sign Stimuli
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Specific external stimuli that trigger stereotyped responses from conspecifics, usually called fixed action patterns.
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Fixed Action Patterns (FAPs)
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An innate behavior pattern that is stereotyped, spontaneous, and independent of immediate control, genetically encoded, and independent of individual learning.
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Species-Typical Behavior
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Actions and displays that are broadly characteristic of a species.
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Behavioral Ecology
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A subdiscipline within animal behavior that deals with the ways in which animals interact with their environment and the survival value of behavior as well as its contribution to reproductive success.
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Sociobiology
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A study that involves the application of the principles of evolution to the study of the social behavior and social systems of animals.
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