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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is behaviour? |
the responses of an organism to its environment that increase its chances of survival |
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What is inate behaviour? |
an inherited response that is not learned |
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What are the characteristics of animals that might benefit from inate behaviour? |
-short life span -lack of maternal care -no social structure/community |
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What are the three types of innate behviour? |
-Escape reflexes -Kineses -Taxes |
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What is an escape reflex? |
where an organism moves away from potential danger |
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What is kinesis? |
-non directional movement in response to a stimulus -effected by intensity of stimulus |
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What is taxes? |
-directional movement in response to a stimulus -direction of stimulus |
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What is learned behaviour? |
adaptive changes in behaviour or responses due to experience and environment |
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What are the characteristics of animals that might benefit from learned behaviour? |
-longer lifespan -parental care -community |
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What are some examples of learned behaviour? |
-habituation -imprinting -classical conditioning -operant conditioning -latent learning -insight learning |
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What is habituation? |
-reduced response to an unimportant stimuli after repeated exposure -animal has learned to reduce/stop response to the unimportant stimuli |
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What is imprinting? |
-when young animals become associated with another organism (usually the parent) in the sensitive (critical) period after birth |
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What is classical conditioning? |
-learning to respond to a stimulus that doesn't normally cause that response -pavlov's dogs |
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What is operant conditioning? |
-change in behviour due to consequences or reinforcers -animals learn to associate one thing with reward and another for punishment |
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What is latent learning? |
-animals explore and retain information for no immediate reward -shows it has learned something when given a reward or punishment |
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What is insight learning? |
-highest form of learning -learning to solve problems by working out a solution using previous experience |
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What is social behaviour? |
Behaviour that involves members of the group interacting with eachother |
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What is the advantage of female Gorillas giving birth to few offspring at one time? |
-increases chance of survival due to increased maternal care and group protection |
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What is the advantage of a hierarchy in a primate troop? |
-males do not fight (which wastes energy) as already know their place |
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What is the advantage of grooming to primates? |
-hygienic and reinforces social bonds |
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What is the advantage of play fighting to primates? |
-offspring can learn valuable skills for defence against predators -reinforces social bonds |
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What is dopamine? |
Hormone and neurotransmiter |
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What is Dopamine the precursor molecule of? |
Adrenaline and noradrenaline |
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How many receptors are there for Dopamine? |
5 (D1, D2, D3, D4, D5) |
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What gene codes for the D4 dopamine receptor? |
DRD4 |
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What has having too many D4 receptors in the brain been linked to? |
abnormal behaviour (e.g schizophrenia) |
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What is the evidence for the link between having too many D4 receptors in the brain and schizophrenia? |
-drugs that block D4 receptors reduce symptoms in people with schizophrenia -people with schizophrenia have more D4 receptors -if drugs that stimulate dopamine receptors are given to healthy people they begin to exhibit the abnormal behaviour seen in schizophrenia. |
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What has a defective DRD4 receptor or low levels of dopamine been linked to? |
-thrill -addictive behaviour -parkinson's disease |
