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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Plants: Autotrophic eukaryotes
Fungi: Heterotrophic eukaryotes (external digestion) Animals = ? |
Heterotrophic eukaryotes (internal Digestion)
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What are Animals? (tissues? cell walls? support? etc)
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-Unique tissues: muscle and nervous (in all except sponges)
-Lack rigid cell walls (unlike plants and fungi) -Structural support provided by extracellular proteins (e.g. collagen) -Motile in at least some part of lifecycle -Embryos pass through an early ‘blastula’ stage |
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Most animals reproduce _________
________ stage dominates lifecycle __________ sperm, ________ ______ eggs |
-sexually
-diploid -Flagellated sperm; large nonmotile eggs |
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Gastrulation?
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Produces layers of embryonic tissues that will develop into adult body parts.
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Development of body plan depends on ?
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regulatory Homeobox genes (e.g. Hox genes)
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First complex animals appeared in the
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Ediacaran fauna: 610-550 MYa.
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Around ½ or more of all modern animal
Phyla appear in fossil record within first 20 MY of the beginning of the |
Cambrian
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Tissues only unique to animals?
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Nerve tissue and muscle tissue
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Ectoderm + endoderm?
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diploblastic
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ectoderm + mesoderm + endoderm?
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triploblastic
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Three kinds of triploblasts?
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1. acoelomates
2. pseudocoelomate 3. coelomate |
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acoelomates (definition and phyla examples)
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-no body cavity between the digestive cavity and outer body wall
-Platyhelminthes |
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pseudocoelomates (definition and phyla examples)
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-body cavity lined in part by tissue derived from mesoderm and endoderm
-rotifers and nematodes |
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coelomates
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-body cavity completely lined by tissue derived from mesoderm
-Annelids, Arthropods, Mollusks, echinoderms, chordata, |
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Mouth develops from blastopore
spiral and determinate |
protostome
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anus develops from blastopore
radial and indeterminate |
deuterostomes
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Undifferentiated cells are called
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embryonic stem cells (From deuterostomes)
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Invertebrates are all animals except some_________?
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chordates
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__________ are animals with notochords and dorsal nerve chords.
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Chordates.
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Closest living relatives to animals?
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Choanoflagellates
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Animals that excrete Hard exoskeletons and moult them as they grow?
Moulting = ? |
-Ecdysozoa
-Moulting = ECDYSIS |
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Animals that have a structure called a LOPHOPHORE?
Definition of lophophore? |
-Lophotrochozoa
-LOPHOPHORE: crown of ciliated tentacles used for feeding. |
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Radial symmetry, no true tissues, diploblastic, chanocytes, spicules, hermaphroditic
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Porifera (sponges)
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Radial symmetry, somewhat true tissues, diploblastic, gastrovascular digestive system, basic circulatory system, Nematocyst sting cells and nerve net
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Cnidarians
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Bilateral symmetry, true tissues with cephalization, acoelomates, protostomes, triploblastic, Incomplete gut, hermaphroditic.
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Platyhelminthes
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Bilateral symmetry, True Psuedocelomate, protorostomes, triploblastic, Alimentary Canal, Oldest asexual organisms, Carona disks at the top for feeding
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Rotifera
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Bilateral symmetry, True tissues, Coelomates, protostomes triploblastic, Alimentary Canal
Body plan contains 3 parts: foot, visceral mass and mantle Unique feeding apparatus: the radula Range of cephalization and nervous systems 4 types: 1. polyplacophora – chitons 2. Gastropoda – snails, slugs, sea slugs 3. Bivalvia – clams, oysters etc 4. Cephalopods – most advanced invertibrates – squid etc. |
Mollusca
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Bilateral symmetry, True tissues, Coelomates, protorostomes, triploblastic, complete digestive systerm, closed circulatory system, Cephalized with segmented bodies
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Annelida
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True longitudal muscles, Psueocelomates, protorostomes, triploblastic, complete digestive systerm
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Nematoda
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Bilateral symmetry, True tissues, Ceolomates, protorostomes, triploblastic, complete digestive systerm, open circulatory system, undergo ecydasis
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Arthropoda
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Bilateral symmetry in (larva), True tissues, Ceolomates, deuterostomes, triploblastic, complete digestive system
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Echinodermata
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Bilateral symmetry, True tissues, Ceolomates, deuterostomes, triploblastic, complete digestive system, closed circulatory system
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Chordates
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3 parts of the mulusca body plan?
Unique feeding apparatus in mulusca? |
foot, visceral mass and mantle
the radula |
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Two body plans of cnidaria?
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Polyp (sessile)
Medusa (mobile) |
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Tentacles armed with specialized
cells? |
NEMATOCTYSTS
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Anthozoa?
Scyphoza? |
Cnidaria
Anthozoa - Corals - cnidaria with polyp stage only Scyphoza - dominant medusa stage (no major polyp stage) |
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The acoelomates
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platyhelminithes
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The pseudocoelomates
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Rotifera and Nematoda
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The coelomates
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ectoprocta, brachipoda, mollusca, annelids. arthropods.
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Claw-like feeding appendage; No sensory antennae; horseshoe crabs, ticks, spiders, scorpions
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Cheliceriformes
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Millipedes and Centipedes belong to?
Diplopoda? Chilopoda? |
-Myriopoda
-Diplopoda: millipedes. 2 pairs walking legs per segment. Herbivores/detritivores -Chilopoda: centipedes. 1 pair walking legs per segment: Carnivores. Often venomous |
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– rasp like tongue structure for scraping/piercing in molusca
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Radula
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The deuterostomes?
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echinodermata
chordata |
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The protostomes?
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Everything except echinodermata and chordata (Platyhelminthes, Rotifera, Mollusca, Annelida, Nematoda, Arthropoda)
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The bilateria are all
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TRIPLOBLASTS
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Platyhelmihes, rotifera, molluska, annelida are the ______?
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lophotrochoza
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Nematoda and Arthropoda are the ______?
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Ecdysozoa
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Echinoderms and chordates are the _________?
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Deuterostomia
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The bilateria are the ______ _______ ________?
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Ecdysozoa, Deuterostomia, lophotrochoza
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The eumetazoa are made up of the _________ and the ________.
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bilateria and the cnidaria
(everything except the sponges) |
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Trematoda (Schistosoma mansoni) and Cestoda (tapeworms) are examples of
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Platyhelminthes
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Cloned females with asexual reproduction for over 85 million years; "asexual scandal"
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Bdelloid Rotifers
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Oligochaete?
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Type of annelida
earthworms - means “few hairs” Segmented body Reduced head No parapodia (paddle feet) Setae (rigid hairs) |
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Polychaetes
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Type of annelida
Means “many hairs”. Well developed head. Parapodia. Setae Mostly marine |
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Hirudinae
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Type of annelida
“Leeches” Reduced segmentation Setae absent Anterior and posterior suckers Parasites, scavengers and hunters |
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Horseshoe crabs, ticks, spiders, scorpions etc.
Chelicera: Claw-like feeding appendage. No sensory antennae Two main body parts: cephalothorax and abdomen. |
Cheliceriformes
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millipedes + centipedes
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Myriopoda
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Hexapoda = ?
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insects
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Crabs, shrimp, barnacles, lobster
Marine and freshwater (a few terrestrial) Branched appendages Breath with gills |
Crustacea
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Protostome – Deuterostome split occurred before
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the cambrian
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