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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the transpyloric plane (TPP)?
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Halfway b/e the jugular notch and upper border of symphysis, this line crosses the tips of 9th costal cartilages anteriorly and 1st lumbar vertebra posteriorly
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What is the transtubercular plane (TTP)?
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The imaginary plane at the level of the iliac tubercles that crosses L5 posteriorly.
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What is the subcostal plane?
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The lowest point of the costal margin (margin of the 10th costal cartilage on each side. Lies at the level of the intervertebral disc b/e L2 and L3
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What is the supracrestal (supracristal) plane?
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L4; b/e the highest points of the iliac crests at L4 spinous process
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What is the interspinous plane?
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The sacral promontory: Connects the right and left ASIS (anterior superior ilial spines)
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What are the layers of the abdominal wall?
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"Savage Surgeons Should Always Make Plans To Eat People"
1. Skin 2. Superficial fascia "Camper's fascia" - contains fat 3. Superficial fascia "Scarpa's fascia" - membranous layer 4. Anterior rectus sheath 5. Muscular layer (External oblique, Internal oblique, transversus abdominis) 6. Posterior Rectus sheath 7. Transversalis fascia 8. extraperitoneal fascia 9. parietal peritoneum |
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What muscle tendon divides into two to envelop the Rectus abdominus muscle?
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Tendon of Internal oblique
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What fascial layer continues inferiorly into the peritoneal region to become the superficial perineal fascia (Colles' fascia)?
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deep membranous layer (scarpa's fascia)
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What fascial layer lines the deep surface of the transversus abdominus muscle?
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Transversalis fascia
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What separates the perietal peritoneum from the transversalis fascia?
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Extraperitoneal fat
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Which way do the fibers for external oblique and internal oblique run?
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External oblique; fibers run diagonally antero-downward (like putting your hands into your front pockets)
Internal oblique; fibers run diagnoally postero-downward (like putting your hands into your back pockets) |
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Which direction do the fibers of the transversus abdominus run?
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transversely across the abdomen
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Where does the external oblique become aponeurotic?
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At the midclavicular line
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Where do the fibers of the external oblique decussate?
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At the linea alba
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What tendon forms the inguinal ligament?
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The inferior border of the aponeurosis of the external oblique
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What muscles does the external abdominal oblique interdigitate with?
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External surfaces of ribs 5-12 and interdigitates w/ the serratus anterior and the pectoralis major
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What is the innervation of the external oblique?
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1. Intercostal nerves from T7 to T11
2. subcostal nerve (T12) |
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What muscles work together to bring the right shoulder toward the left hip?
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Right external oblique and left internal oblique
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What is the lacunar ligament?
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The ligament that connects the inguinal ligament to the pectineal (cooper's) ligament
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What muscle contributes to the rectus sheath?
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Internal abdominal oblique
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B/e what layers of the anterior abdominal wall are the neurovascular contained?
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B/e the internal abdominal oblique and the transversus abdominis muscle
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What muscle forms the falx inguinalis? What does this structure do?
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The lower part of the transversis abdominis; this structure forms the medial part of the posterior wall of the inguinal canal.
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What muscle forms the conjoint tendon?
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The internal oblique and the transversis abdominis
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Through what triangle would a hernia pass through if it was below the 12th right, medial to the internal oblique, lateral to the quadratus lumborum/erector spinae?
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The lumbocostal/superior lumbar/Gryndfeldt triangle
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Through what triangle would a hernia pass through if it was inferior to the latissimus dorsi, superior to the iliac crest and medial to the external oblique?
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The inferior lumbar (petit) triangle
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What triangle could a herniated kidney pass through?
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Superior lumbar (Gryndfeldt) triangle
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What are the contents of the rectus sheath?
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1. Rectus abdominis muscle
2. Pyramidalis muscle 3. Superior Epigastric vessels 4. Inferior epigastric vessels 5. thoracoabdominal nerves |
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What does the superior epigastric vessel originate from?
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Internal thoracic artery
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What does the inferior epigastric artery originate from?
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External iliac artery
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What is the action of the rectus abdominis?
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1. helps in respiration by depressing ribs
2. flexes and laterally rotates spine 3. assists in defecation, micturition, parturition, vomiting and coughing |
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What is the origin of the iliohypogastric nerve? ilioinguinal nerve?
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First lumbar nerve (L1)
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What nerve supplies the dermatome around the umbilicus?
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T10
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What nerves supply the dermatomes from the xiphoid process to just above the umbilicus?
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T7-T9
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What nerves supply the dermatomes just below the umbilicus to the pubic region?
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T11-L1
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What does the ilioinguinal nerve supply?
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the anterior surface of the scrotum/labia majora, and sends a small cutaneous br. to the thigh
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What nerves pierce the rectus sheath?
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T7-T12
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What nerve pierces the internal abdominal oblique in front of the anterior superior iliac spine?
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iliohypogastric nerve
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What nerve pierces the external oblique aponeurosis above the superficial inguinal ring?
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Iliohypogastric nerve
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What does the iliohypogastric nerve terminate as?
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The lowest anterior cutaneous branch of the abdomen/root of the penis
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What nerves are the distal abdominal parts of the anterior rami of the inferior six spinal nerves?
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thoracoabdominal nerves
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What nerve supplies the area of the mons pubis?
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Ilioinguinal nerve
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What nerves supplies the area overlying the iliac crest
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Iliohypogastric nerve
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What does the ilioinguinal nerve supply?
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1. skin of lower inguinal region
2. mons pubis 3. anterior scrotum/labium majora 4. adjacent medial thigh |
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What nerve becomes cutaneous at the superficial inguinal ring?
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Ilioinguinal nerve
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What nerve pierces the internal oblique and runs along the inguinal canal?
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Ilioinguinal nerve
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What is the origin of the inferior epigastric artery?
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External iliac artery
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What is the origin of the deep circumflex iliac artery?
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External iliac artery
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What is the origin of the superifical epigastric artery?
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Femoral artery
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What is the origin of the superficial circumflex iliac artery?
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Femoral artery
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What is the venous drainage of the anterior abdominal wall superior to the umbilicus?
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Drains to the SVC via the thoracoepigastric veins
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What is the venous drainage of the anterior abdominal wall inferior to the umbilicus?
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Drains to the IVC via the superficial epigastric vein
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What is the venous drainage of the anterior abdominal wall in the umbilical region?
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Drains to the hepatic portal system via the periumbilical veins
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What connects the SVC and IVC superficially?
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The thoracoepigastric vein
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What is the lymphatic drainage of the region superior to the transumbilical plane?
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Drains to axillary lymph nodes w/ a few going to the parasternal nodes
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What is the lymphatic drainage of the region inferior to the transumbilical plane?
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Drains to the superficial inguinal lymph nodes
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What is the lymphatic drainage of the deep tissues of the anterior abdominal wall?
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1. External iliac nodes
2. Lumbar (aortic) nodes 3. Mediastinal nodes |