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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anthropology
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the comparative study of common sense
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Characteristics of anthropology
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1) evolutionary
2) comparative 3) holistic |
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ethnography
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observing and documenting peoples way of life
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cultural anthropology
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the study of human culture
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archaeology
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the study of past societies through material culture
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linguistic anthropology
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the study of the interplay between language, culture, and societies
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evolutionism
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the idea that organisms that show the best adaptive qualities have the best chance of survival
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3 stages of evolutionism
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savagery- hunting and gathering
barbarism- herding, pottery, tools civilization- farming, rise of technology |
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functionalism
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the belief and practices of a society serve a particular function
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structural functionism
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the theory that social structure determines peoples thoughts and behaviour
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historical particularism
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A school of anthropology developed by Franz Boaz
Every society is the outgrowth of its own unique historical experience |
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interpretive (symbolic) anthropology
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culture as a system of symbols
multiple layers of meaning |
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post-modernism
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produce a scientific rational account for the world-- not including biases
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fieldwork
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what makes anthropology distinct from other social sciences.
tha tact of physically going out into the field and gathering information |
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ethnocentrism
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the opinion that your own was of life is natural or correct
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cultural relativism
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the view that no culture is superior
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culture shock
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physical and mental symptoms when one realizes that their common sense of the world no longer works.
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emic perspective
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"IN" the locals view of why they do what they do
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etic perspective
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"OUT" the outsiders perspective and interpretation of the society
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reflexivity
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reflect of our own biases
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biological/ physical anthropology
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the study of human origins and biological diversity
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applied anthropology
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the application of techniques and theories of anthropology to sole real world problems
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culture
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values, beliefs shape a society
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characteristics of culture
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1) learned
2) shared 3) intergrated 4) adaptive 5) symbolic 6) organizes the way people think about the world |
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norms
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a set of expectations and attitudes that people have about appropriate behaviour
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acculturation
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adjusts to the influence of another culture while maintaining your own culture
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assimilation
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completely taking on a new culture without keeping your own
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symbol
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something that stands for something else
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judgment sample
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most likely to give you a representative sample of the society
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key informants
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a person to guide you to get the best information
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participant observation
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taking an active role in daily life
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Margaret Mead and her research
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rejected the idea that individual personalitiesare produced by something natural or innate.
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crack dealers in Spanish Harlem
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young men would rather sell drugs than work low wage jobs
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F. Boas
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developed historical relativism
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B. Malinowski
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founded functionalism
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language
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a system of sounds that when put together according to certain rules conveys meaning to its speakers
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displacement
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talking about things that are not visible
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duality of patterning
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two different registers: sound and meaning
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productivity
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words can be combined in an infinite number of sentences
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call systems
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animal communication that consists of a small number of sounds to express moods and sensations
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phonology
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the study of sounds in human language
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phonetics
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the study of articulations of human sounds
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phonemics
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analysis of the use of sounds to differentiate the meaning
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morphology
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the study of how words are put together
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syntax
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the study if sentence structure
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semantics
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the study of meaning
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nonverbal communication
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Emblems: actions that substitute for spoken word
Body language: meanings that people communicate through the body |
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sociolinguistics
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study of the impacts of socioeconomic and cultural factors
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Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
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words and grammatical structures shape our reality
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dialect
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a slight difference in the same language based on regional differences
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code-switching
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changing from one dialect to another or changing between languages within one conversation
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lingua franca/pidgin
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a simplified language between two or more groups that do not have a language in common
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creole
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when pidgin is spoken as a primary language
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politically correct language in NA
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more inclusive language and more positive connotation
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Enculturation
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the process (formal or informal) by which children acquire the culture of their society
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socialization
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the social aspects of learning ones culture
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social birth
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a social recognition of the transition to personhood
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initiation rites
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rituals that mark a persons transition from childhood to adulthood
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personality
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behavioural traits and dispositions
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deviance
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behaviour that violates cultural norms and expectations
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economic system
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set of methods to allocate resources and the production distribution consumption of goods and services
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means of production
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the tools, skills, knowledge, technology that go into the production of goods
AKA capital goods |
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generalized reciprocity
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when there is no specific time or value to be reciprocated
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balanced reciprocity
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return of equal value is expected
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negative reciprocity
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parties of the exchange hope to get something for nothing
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barter
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an exchange of one type of product for another type of product
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redistribution
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food and other goods collected by an organizer, and redistribute to community members
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