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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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modern european gene pool |
formed from mixing 3 ancient populations within last 7000 years |
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agriculture |
producing food from domesticated plants and animals |
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domestication |
the taming of wild plants and animals by humans seeds get bigger animals get smaller (for ease of herding) plants and animals dependent on humans for survival/reproduction |
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centers of primary domestication |
agriculture domestication |
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archaeobotany |
the study of plants used by humans in antiquity |
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zooarchaeology |
study of animals used by humans in antiquity |
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evidence for early agriculture (4) |
domesticated plant and animal remains grinding stones flint blade/ sickles with "sickle sheen" (use wear) pathologies of human bones |
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principle practices of argriculture (5) |
propagation husbandry harvesting or slaughter storage of seeds and maintenance of animals during off season require sedentism |
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propagation |
selection and sowing of seeds or breeding animals |
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husbandry |
tending of plants/animals during growth period |
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sedentism |
settled community living in one place for most of the year |
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ohalo 2, sea of galilee (5) |
23-19kya epipaleolithic excellent preservation of plant remains (waterlogged site) broad spectrum diet plant resources very important documents intensive use of grasses prior to beginnings of agriculture |
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things domesticated in early agriculture of near east (sw asia, fertile crescent) |
wheat, barley, lentil, pea, chickpea, bitter vetch, sheep , goat, pig, cattle |
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neolithic |
period with agriculture and widespread use of fired ceramics |
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jericho |
excavated by kathleen kenyon in 1950 discovered agricultural communities without potter |
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natufian |
12,800 - 10,500 BP permanent settlements (huts) gathering wild plants and hunting wild animals |
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PPNA |
10,500-9300 BP (pre pottery neolothic) round/oval mud-brick houses domesticated crops planted wild animals hunted |
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PPNB |
9300-8000 rectangular structures, more extensive settlements sheep domestication more complex social behavior (plastered skulls) |
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why did this shift occur (domestication beginning) (4) |
oasis hypothesis natural habitat hypothesis population pressure hypothesis social hypotheses |
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oasis hypothesis |
domestication began in oases during dry period |
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natural habitat hypothesis |
domestication occured in regions with wild progenitors |
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population pressure hypothesis |
aka edge hypothesis population pressure forced a change in food acquisition |
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social hypotheses |
food surplus enhancing social status |
