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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
An unpleasant emotion characterized by a general sense of danger, dread, and physiological arousal.
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Anxiety
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An individual’s tendency to
respond to a variety of situations with more or less anxiety. |
Trait anxiety
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An individual’s level of anxiety at a specific time
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State anxiety
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Chronic, pervasive, and debilitating nervousness.
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Generalized anxiety disorder
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Panic attacks that cause ongoing distress or impairment.
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Panic disorder
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Discrete episode of acute terror in the absence of real danger
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Panic attack
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An intense, persistent, and irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation.
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Phobia
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A phobia in which fears are
focused on social situations or other activities where there is a possibility of being observed and judged. |
Social phobia
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A fear of wide open spaces or crowded places.
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Agoraphobia
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Any phobia that is not a social phobia or agoraphobia.
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Specific phobia
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An anxiety disorder in which distressing and unwanted
thoughts lead to compulsive rituals that significantly interfere with daily functioning. |
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
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Unwanted and upsetting thoughts or impulses.
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Obsessions
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Irrational rituals that are
repeated in an effort to control or neutralize the anxiety brought on by obsessional thoughts |
Compulsions
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An emotionally overwhelming experience in which there is a possibility of death or
serious injury to oneself or a loved one. |
Trauma
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Significant posttraumatic
anxiety symptoms that occur within one month of a traumatic experience. |
Acute stress disorder
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Significant posttraumatic anxiety symptoms occurring
more than one month after a traumatic experience. |
Posttraumatic stress disorder
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The presence of two or more
disorders in one person, or a general association between two or more different disorders. |
Comorbidity
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A term used by Latino populations in Latin America and in the United States to
describe a range of symptoms of nervous distress. |
Nervios
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A term used in some
Latino cultures to describe an episode of intense anxiety. |
Ataque de nervios
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An anxiety syndrome recognized
in China including symptoms of physical or mental exhaustion, difficulty sleeping and concentrating, physical pains, dizziness, headaches, and memory loss. |
Shenjing shuairuo
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An anxiety disorder recognized
in Japan characterized by worry that one’s body or aspects of one’s body will be displeasing or offensive to others. |
Taijin kyofusho
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Learning that takes place via automatic associations between neutral stimuli and unconditioned stimuli.
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Classical conditioning
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A form of learning in
which behaviors are shaped through rewards and punishments. |
Operant conditioning
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Learning based on observing and imitating the behavior of others; see also social/observational learning
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Modeling
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Two events occuring closely together in time
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Temporal contiguity
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Increasing the probability
of a behavior by removing an unpleasant stimuli when the behavior occurs. |
Negative reinforcement
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The weakening of a connection between a conditioned stimulus and a conditioned
response. |
Extinction
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Classical conditioning
based on an evolutionarily derived sensitivity to certain stimuli that were dangerous in an ancestral environment. |
Prepared conditioning
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Intervention involving gradually increasing exposure to a conditioned stimulus (such as a feared object)
while practicing relaxation techniques. |
Systematic desensitization
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Technique for teaching people to calm themselves by regulating their breathing and attending to bodily sensations.
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Relaxation training
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In systematic desensitization,
a list of feared situations ranging from least to most terrifying. |
Fear hierarchy
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Behavioral desensitization
training in which the client is actually confronted with the feared stimulus |
In vivo desensitization
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Behavioral desensitization
intervention for phobias in which the client practices relaxation techniques while imagining being confronted with the feared stimulus. |
Covert desensitization
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Intensive exposure to a feared stimulus
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Flooding
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Deliberate induction of the physiological sensations typically associated with a panic attack.
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Interoceptive exposure
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A behavioral intervention in which clients are encouraged
to confront a frightening thought or situation and then prevented from engaging in anxiety-reducing behaviors. |
Exposure and response prevention
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Exposure and response prevention in obsessive-compulsive disorder for clients whose compulsions are mental processes (not behaviors).
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Covert response prevention
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A behavioral intervention in which clients suffering from
posttraumatic stress disorder are encouraged to describe the traumatizing experienc(s) in detail. |
Prolonged imaginal exposure
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Mental models of the world that are used to organize information.
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Cognitive schemas
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Irrational beliefs and thinking processes.
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Cognitive distortions
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A cognitive distortion involving thinking in terms of extremes and absolutes.
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Dichotomous reasoning
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A cognitive distortion involving the tendency to view minor problems as major catastrophes.
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Catastrophizing
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A cognitive distortion in which people or situations are characterized on the basis
of global, not specific, features. |
Labeling
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A cognitive distortion in
which one wrongly assumes that he or she is the cause of a particular event. |
Personalization
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