Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
|
genes have specific loci on chromosomes and it is the chromosomes that undergo segregation and independant assortment.
|
|
wild type
|
normal phenotype for a character.
|
|
linked genes
|
genes located on same chromosome that tend to be inherited together in genetic crosses.
|
|
genetic recombination
|
production of offspring with combinations of traits differing from those exactly found in each parent. (not same phenotype as either parent)
|
|
parental types
|
those offspring whose phenotypes are exactly that of the parents.
|
|
recombinant types (recombinants)
|
offspring with new combinations of the phenotypes that are not exactly like either of the parents.
|
|
linkage map
|
genetic map based on recombination frequencies.
|
|
map units
|
one is equivalent to 1% recombination frequency.
distances between genes. |
|
cytogenic maps
|
locate genes with respect to chromosomal features such as stained bands.
|
|
duchenne muscular dysrophy
|
human sex-linked disorder of progressive weakening of muscles and loss of coordination.
|
|
hemophilia
|
sex-linked disorder defined by absence of one or more of the proteins required for blood clotting.
|
|
barr body
|
one of the two X chromosomes in the female is inactivated and becomes shorter and compressed and not expressed. the specific X chromosome is chosen randomely for each cell in the early embryotic stage. therefore, when there are only a few (30 or so) cells, each chooses randomely which X chromosome they will inactivate.
|
|
nondisjunction
|
members of a pair of homologus chromosomes do not move apart properly during meiosis.
|
|
Aneuploidy
|
when an offspring has an abnormal number of a particular chromosome.
|
|
Trisomic
|
2n + 1
when the offspring has three pairs of a particular chromosome. |
|
monosomic
|
2n - 1
when the offspirng has only one pair of a particular chromosome. |
|
polplody
|
more than two complete chomosome sets.
|
|
deletion
|
when chromosomal fragment lacking centromere is lost.
|
|
duplication
|
when a deleted fragment becomes an extra segment to a sister chromatid.
|
|
Inversion
|
when a deleted chromosome fragment reattaches to original chromosome but in reverse orientation.
|
|
translocation
|
when chromosomal breakage results in the fragment joining to a nonhomologus chromosome.
|
|
down syndrome
trisomy 21 |
2 names for the syndrome where there are 3 chromosome pairs for the 21st chromosome.
|
|
genomic imprinting
|
variatin in phenotype depending on whether an allele is inherited from the male or female parent.
|
|
50% or greater
|
percentage of recombinant frequency at which one cannot assume that the two genes are even on the same chrmosome.
|
|
autosome
|
non sex-linked chromosome.
not an X or Y chromosome. |
|
polygenic
Gene inteaction |
multiple genes to one phenotypic trait. (2 names)
|
|
epistasis
|
one or more genes effect other genes.
silencers or enhancers. |
|
Xist gene
|
will inactivate or shrink one of the X chromosomes to create a Bar Body.
|
|
Lyonization
|
(named after Mary)
another name for X-inactivation |
|
mosaic organism
|
not all the cells with the same genetic makeup. only in females because not all cells in females use same X chromosomes.
|