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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
biotechnology
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manipulations of organisms or components.
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recombinant DNA
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nucleotide sequences from 2 sources are combined.
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genetic engeneering
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manipulation of genes for practical purposes.
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clone
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daughter cells of recombinant bacterium with copies of gene of protien.
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restriction enzyme/restriction endonucleases
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cut up DNA
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restriction site
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DNA sequence where enzyme cuts.
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Sticky end
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single strand end of restriction fragment "hanging off" of rest of double stranded DNA.
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DNA ligase
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puts together fragments of DNA cut up by restriction endonucleases.
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cloning vector
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original plasmid that can carry foregin DNA into cell and replicate.
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nucleic acid hybridization
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using a short DNA or RNA as nucleic acid probe.
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nucleic acid probe
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complementary to sequence that one wishes to find.
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dentaturation
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seperation of 2 strands.
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genomic library
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complete set of plasmid clones.
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cDNA (complementary DNA)
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double stranded DNA made from RNA transcript (only exon DNA)
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cDNA library
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cloned cDNA's that make up part of genome.
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expression vector
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cloning vector with active promoter upstream of restriction site where Eukaryotic gene can be substituted.
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elecrtoporation
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electrical pulse to solution creates holes in plamsa membranes where DNA can enter.
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polymerase chain reaction
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when fragments are cloned to create a fragmented piece on both ends.
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restriction fragment analysis
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detects differences in nucelotide sequences of DNA molecules.
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gel elecrophoresis
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gell as molecular seive to seperate different sized sequences. DNA is negatively charged, so they move toward positively charged end.
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southern blotting
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gell elecrophoresis and hybridization.
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linkage map
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genetic markers on choromome that help map.
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physical map
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distance between markers expressed physically
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bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC)
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artifical insert of bacterial chrosmosome.
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genomics
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study of whole sets of genes and gene interaction.
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expressed sequence tags (EST)
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short coding sequences similar to those present in known genes.
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in virtro mutagens
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mutagens as sequence of clones genes that determine gene function.
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RNA interference (RNAi)
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blocks genes in mRNA to see which protein is absent.
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DNA microarray assays
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using cDNA to test which genes are expressed.
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single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snpips)
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base-pair variations in the genome detected by sequencing.
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gene therapy
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alteration of afflicted individual's genes
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DNA fingerprint
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specific band patterns.
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transgenic animal
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gene of one animal put into gene of another.
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Ti plamid
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common vector.
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genetically modified organism
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organism that has aquired genes by artificial means.
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