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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Resolving Power
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The ability of an optical instrument or type of film to separate or distinguish small or closely adjacent images.
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Cell Fractionation
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The technique of separating the components of cells, membranes, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria and the like, so that each may be examined as needed.
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Plasma Membrane
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A microscopic membrane of lipids and proteins that forms the external boundary of the cytoplasm of a cell, and that regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the cytoplasm.
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Nucleolus
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A small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase, use to transcribe ribosomal RNA.
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Rough ER
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An eukaryotic organelle that forms an interconnected network of tubules, vesicles, and cisternae within cells and is coated with ribosomes.
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Contractile Vacuole
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A vacuole in some protozoans that expels excess liquid on contraction.
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Chloroplast
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A plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place.
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Stroma
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The connective, supportive framework of a biological cell, tissue, or organ, in which the grana is embedded.
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Flagella
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A slender threadlike structure that enables many protozoa and bacteria to swim.
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Plasmodesmata
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A narrow thread of cytoplasm that passes through the cell walls of adjacent plant cells and allows communication between them.
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Organelle
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A specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function, and is usually separately enclosed within its own lipid bilayer.
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Cytoplasm
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The material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.
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Nucleus
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A dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells, typically a single rounded structure bounded by a double membrane, containing the genetic material.
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Ribosome
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A minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins, found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins.
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Golgi Apparatus
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A complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport.
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Central Vacuole
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A complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport.
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Cristae
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The internal compartments formed by the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. They are coated with proteins, including ATP synthase and a variety of cytochromes.
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Cytoskeleton
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A microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence.
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Cilia
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A short, microscopic, hairlike vibrating structure. Occurs in large numbers on the surface of certain cells, providing movement.
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Tight Junctions
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A specialized connection of two adjacent animal cell membranes such that the space usually lying between them is absent.
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Electron Microscope
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A microscope with high magnification and resolution, employing electron beams in place of light and using electron lenses.
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Prokaryotic Cell
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A group of organisms that lack a cell nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles.
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Chromatin
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The material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria are composed. It consists of protein, RNA, and DNA.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
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A network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell. It usually has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
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Phagocytosis
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Process in which phagocytes engulf and digest microorganisms and cellular debris.
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Peroxisome
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A small organelle that is present in the cytoplasm of many cells and that contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases.
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Plastid
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Any of a class of small organelles, such as chloroplasts, in the cytoplasm of plant cells, containing pigment or food.
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Microtubules
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A microscopic tubular structure present in numbers in the cytoplasm of cells, sometimes coming together to form more complex structures.
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Pseudopodia
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Temporary projections of eukaryotic cells for movement and feeding.
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Gap Junctions
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Direct connection of the cytoplasm of two cells, which allows various molecules and ions to pass freely between cells
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Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
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A form of electron microscope in which an image is derived from electrons that have passed through the specimen.
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Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
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An electron microscope in which the surface of a specimen is scanned by a beam of electrons that are reflected to form an image.
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Eukaryotic Cell
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An organism whose cells contain complex structures enclosed within membranes. The defining membrane-bound structure that sets eukaryotic cells apart from prokaryotic cells is the nucleus.
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Chromosome
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Threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
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Smooth ER
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An eukaryotic organelle that forms an interconnected network of tubules, vesicles, and cisternae within cells, not coated with ribosomes.
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Food Vacuole
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A vacuole with a digestive function in the protoplasm of a protozoan.
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Mitochondria
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An organelle in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner layer being folded inward.
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Thylakoid
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Each of a number of flattened sacs inside a chloroplast, bounded by pigmented membranes on which the light reactions of photosynthesis take place.
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Microfilaments
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A small rodlike structure present in numbers in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells.
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Cell Wall
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A rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria.
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