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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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organic chemistry
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the branch of chemistry that specialises in the study of carbon compounds
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hydrocarbons
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organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen
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structural isomers
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differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms
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isomers
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compounds that have the same numbers of atoms of the same elements but different structures and hence different properties.
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enantiomers
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isomers that are mirror images of each other
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functional groups
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chemical groups that contribute to function by affecting the molecule's shape
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adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
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consists of an organic molecule called adenosine attached to a string of three phosphate groups
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what is molecularly special about carbon?
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its ability to form molecules that are large, complex, and diverse. this diversity has made possible the diversity of organisms on earth.
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common elements other than carbon in living organisms
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hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), and phosphorus (P)
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mechanism
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the view that physical and chemical laws govern all natural phenomena
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tetravalence
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one facet of carbon's versaitility that makes large, complex molecules possible.
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trans isomer
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the arangement with the Xs on opposite sides
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cis isomer
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the arrangement with both Xs on the same side
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acetic acid
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carboxyl which gives vinegar its sour taste
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ethanol
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an alcohol
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acetone
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the simplest ketone
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amino acids
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amines
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cysteine
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thiol
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glycerol phosphate
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organic phosphate
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