Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Sacral Plexus
|
Located by sacrum.
Sciatic nerve branches off and goes to leg, longest nerve in the body. |
|
|
Lumbar Plexus
|
Located in lower back
|
|
|
Spinal Plexus
|
A network or group of nerves
|
|
|
Ventral/Anterior root
|
Carries motor information AWAY FROM spinal cord
|
|
|
Dorsal/Posterior Root
|
Carries sensory information TO spinal cord
|
|
|
Root
|
A bundle of axons
|
|
|
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
|
Colorless fluid that protects the spinal cord and brain.
*Circulates through subarachnoid space, central canal and ventricles of the brain; gradually reabsorbed into blood. Functions: Shock absorption, optimum chemical environment of neuron synapse, exchanges nutrients/wastes. |
|
|
Pia Mater
|
Delicate, thin inner layer of meninges
|
|
|
Subarachnoid Space
|
CSF; lumbar puncture taken here
|
|
|
Arachnoid Mater
|
Middle layer of meninges
|
|
|
Subdural space
|
thin space between the dura mater
|
|
|
Dura Mater
|
Tough outer layer of meninges
|
|
|
Epidural Space
|
Space between dura mater and vertebral canal. Pain medication given here
|
|
|
Neurotransmitter
|
A chemical released to cross the synaptic cleft and bind receptors on the postsynaptic neuron.
|
|
|
Synapse
|
Place where 2 neurons meet but they don't connect.
Presynaptic neuron- neuron sending Postsynaptic neuron- neuron receiving |
|
|
Refractory period
|
Recovery time needed before another action potential can be generated.
|
|
|
Repolarization
|
Returning the membrane charges back to normal (inside returns to negative)
|
|
|
Depolarization
|
Inside of the cell becomes positive
|
|
|
Enteric Nervous System
|
Involuntary control. Controls GI tract
|
|
|
Autonomic Nervous System
|
Involuntary control.
Includes: Sensory and motor neurons for organs, cardiac and smooth muscle glands. |
|
|
Somatic Nervous Systems
|
Includes: Sensory neurons in skin, limbs and sense organs.
Involuntary control. Motor neurons to skeletal muscles only. Voluntary. |
|
|
Peripheral Nervous System
|
Nerves, ganglia, sensory receptors.
Functions: Sensory; collects impulses using senses and carries them TO the CNS. Motor; carries a response AWAY from CNS to muscles or glands |
|
|
Brachial Plexus
|
Located near armpit. Shoulder and arm nerves branch off.
|
|
|
Central Nervous System
|
Brain and spinal cord.
Functions: Integration. Analyze sensory information. Generates thoughts/emotions. Stores memories. Controls muscles/glands. |
|
|
Descending Tracts
|
Go down the spinal cord and carry motor information
|
|
|
Ascending Tracts
|
Go up the spinal cord and carry sensory information.
|
|
|
Cervical Plexus
|
Located in neck.
Phrenic nerve branches off and goes to diaphragm. |
|
|
Tract
|
A bundle of axons or dendrites, or both, in CNS.
|
|
|
Ganglion
|
A collection of nerve cell bodies outside of the CNS or PNS
|
|
|
Nerve
|
A bundle of axons, dendrites or both, in PNS
|
|
|
Myelin Sheath
|
Composed of lipids/proteins.
Produced by Schwann Cells in PNS and oligodenrocytes in CNS. Insulates axon and increases the speed of nerve impulse. Gaps in Myelin Sheath called Nodes of Ranvier. |
|
|
Neuroglia
|
Makes up 1/2 of CNS.
Support, nourish and protect nerve cells. Types: Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, schwann cells and satellite cells |
|
|
Interneurons (associations)
|
Connect sensory to motor neurons.
Responsible for integration |
|
|
Motor Neurons (efferent)
|
Carries information from CNS to muscles or glands
|
|
|
Sensory Neurons (afferent)
|
Carry sensory information to the CNS
|
|
|
Axon
|
Usually a single branch which carries a nerve impulse AWAY from the cell body and to the next neuron, muscle or gland.
|
|
|
Dendrite
|
Branches that receive information and carry nerve impulses TO the cell body
|
|
|
Cell Body
|
Main part of the neuron; contains nucleus and organelles.
|
|
|
Motor Function
|
Responds to information via muscle contraction or gland secretion
|
|
|
Integration
|
Analyzes sensory information and makes decisions about how to respond. Example- hot/cold.
|
|
|
Sensory Information
|
Detects external and internal stimuli. Example- pain, hunger, nausea.
|
|
|
Spinal Nerves
|
31 pairs
All nerves are mixed nerves (have both sensory and motor functions) Serve as paths of communication between the spinal cord and the body |
|
|
Posterior Column
|
Carry touch and proprioception
|
|
|
Spinothalamic
|
Carry pain and temperature
|
|
|
Pyramidal/ Direct
|
carry nerve impulses for voluntary movements
|
|
|
Extrapyramidal/ Indirect
|
carry nerve impulses for unconscious/involuntary movements.
|
|
|
Reflex Arc (path)
|
1.Sensory receptor (receives stimulus and creates nerve impulse)
2. Sensory neuron (Carries nerve impulse to spinal cord) 3. Integration center (Gray matter of spinal cord decides what to do) 4. Motor neuron (Carries response to effector) 5. Effector (muscle/gland that responds/reacts) |
