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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Structural classification subcategories joints include?
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Fibrous joints, Cartilaginous joints, and Synovial joints
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Functional classification subcategories of joints include?
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Synarthrosis (an immovable joint)
Amphiarthrosis (a slightly movable joint) Diarthrosis (a freely movable joint) |
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What joints lack cartilage and a synovial cavity.
The bones are held closely together by dense irregular connective tissue? |
Fibrous joints
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Suture joints in the skull
and the teeth joints are what kind of joints? |
Fibrous joints
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What joints consist of a bar of cartilage between two bones.
They lack a synovial cavity and provide little or no movement? |
Cartilaginous joints
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Pubic symphysis and the intervertebral disks of the spine
are examples of what kind of joint? |
Cartilaginous joints
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What joints are more complex than the other two: Ligaments hold bones together to form a synovial cavity and a freely moveable joint.
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Synovial joints
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The two layered capsule
that encloses the synovial cavity consits of? |
An outer fibrous capsule
An inner synovial membrane |
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The synovial membrane secretes ____ ____ which functions to reduce friction by lubricating the joint and absorbing shocks. It also supplies oxygen and nutrients to the cartilage, while removing carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes.
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synovial fluid
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What are immoveable joints, like the fibrous joints of the skull?
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Synarthroses
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What are slightly movable joints like the cartilaginous pubic symphysis?
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Amphiarthroses
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What are freely moveable joints like the big “ball and socket” synovial joints of the shoulder and hip.
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Diarthroses
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What are bands of dense regular C.T. (like tendons) that join one bone to another bone.
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Ligaments
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What (and tendon sheaths)
are fluid-filled structures strategically placed to minimize friction in some joints? |
Bursae
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The three types of Fibrous joints are?
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Suture, syndesmosis, and interosseous membrane.
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A ____ is a fibrous joint composed of a thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue.
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Suture
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A ____ is a fibrous joint in which there is greater distance between the articulating surfaces and more dense irregular tissue than in a suture?
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Syndesmosis
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What is a fibrous joint which is a substantial sheet of dense irregular connective tissue that binds the neighboring long bones and permits slight movement?
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Interosseous Membrane
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The two types of Cartilaginous joints are?
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Synchondrosis, and Symphyses
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What is a cartilaginous joint in which the connecting material is hyaline cartlidge?
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Synchondrosis
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What is a cartilaginous joint in which the ends of the articulating bones are covered with hyaline cartilage?
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Symphyses
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There are 6 types of synovial joints based on the shapes of the articulating bone surfaces. Name the types.
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Plane, Hinge, Pivot, Condyloid, Saddle, and Ball-and-Socket joints.
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In a ____ joint, the articulating surface is flat or slightly curved, permitting back and forth and side-to-side
movements. |
planar
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In a ____ joint, the convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another, producing an opening and closing action like a hinge.
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hinge
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In a ____ joint, the rounded surface of one bone articulates with a ring structure formed by another bone and a ligament (allowing
rotation around its longitudinal axis). |
pivot
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In a ____ joint, the articular surface of one bone is saddle-shaped. This is really a modified condyloid joint, but the range of motion is expanded to include
movement around all 3 axes. |
saddle
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In a ___ __ ___ joint, the ball surface of one bone fits into a cuplike depression of another bone. These joints allows the most movement of any joint.
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ball-and-socket
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What refers to the range, measured in degrees of a circle, through which the bones of a joint can be moved?
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Range of motion (ROM)
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List the six factors that affect joint contact and range of motion.
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Structure or shape of the articulating bones, Strength and tension of the muscles, Arrabgement and tension of the muscles, Contact of soft parts, Hormones, and disuse.
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How do Hormones effect ROM?
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Relaxin increases the flexibility of the pubic symphysis and loosens the ligaments between the sacrum and hip bone toward the end of pregnancy.
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How do Structure or shape of the articulating bones effect ROM?
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The shape of the articulating bones determines how closely they fit together.
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How do strength and tension of the muscles effect ROM?
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The strength and tension of the muscles and joint ligaments varies to restrict or permit certain positions.
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How does Disuse effect ROM?
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Movement may be restricted if a joint has not been used for an extended period.
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Joint movements are grouped into four main categories. List the four categories.
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Gliding, Angular movements, Rotation, and Special movements.
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Relatively flat bone surfaces move back-and-forth and from side-to-side with respect to one another. What Synonial Joint Movement is this?
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Gliding
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There is an increase or a decrease in the angle between articulating bones. What Synonial Joint Movement is this?
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Angular movements
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A bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis.
What Synonial Joint Movement is this? |
Rotation
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What type of movement includes elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, inversion, eversion, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, supination, pronation, and opposition?
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Special Movements
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