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105 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
ad hominem
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appealing to feelings/prejudices instead of intellect/reason
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adage
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saying containing truth based on experience (metaphorical language)
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allegory
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story w/ second meaning beneath surface
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allusion
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reference to a person, place, or event meant to create an effect or enhance the meaning of an idea
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anachronism
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person, scene, event, or element that fails to correspond w/ appropriate time or era
(Columbus sails to United States) |
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analogy
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comparison that points out similarities b/w two dissimilar things
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anecdote
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brief narrative used to illustrate an idea or make a point
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antecedent
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a word to which a pronoun refers
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antithesis
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rhetorical opposition or contrast of ideas w/ grammatical arrangement of words, clauses, sentences
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aphorism
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short, pithy statement of generally accepted truth/sentiment
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arch
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characterized by clever/sly humor, often saucy, playful, somewhat irreverent.
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archetype
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abstract/ideal conception of a type, a perfectly typical example, an original model or form
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assonance
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repetition of two or more vowel sounds in a group of words in prose or poetry
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bombast
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inflated, pretentious language
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burlesque
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work of literature meant to ridicule a subject, a grotesque imitation
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canon
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works considered most important in a national literature or period, works widely read and studied
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caricature
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grotesque likeness of striking qualities in person and things
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cacophony
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grating, inharmonious sounds
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circumlocution
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"talking around" a subject, discourse that avoids direct reference to a subject
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clause
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structural element of sentence, consisting of grammatical subject and predicate. independent can be sentence. dependent incomplete
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conceit
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witty or ingenious thought, a diverting or highly fanciful idea (figurative language)
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connotation
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suggested/implied meaning of a word or phrase
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consonance
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repetition of two or more consonant sounds in a group of words or a unit of speech/writing
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alliteration
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repetition of one or more initial consonants in group of words of poem
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critique
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analysis/assessment of thing or situation for purpose of determining nature/limitations and conformity to set of standards
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deductive reasoning
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method of reasoning w/ specific definitions, conclusions, theorems drawn from general principles.
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denotation
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dictionary definition of a word
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denouement
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resolution that occurs at end of narrative or drama, real or imagined
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deus ex machina
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in literature, use of artificial device or gimmick to solve problem
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diction
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choice words in oral and written discourse
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didactic
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having instructive purpose, intending to convey information or teach a lesson, usually in dry/pompous manner
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dramatic irony
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circumstance in which audience or reader knows more about a situation than a character
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elegy
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poem/prose that laments/meditates on passing or death of someone/something of value
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epigram
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concise but ingenious, witty, thoughtful statement
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epithet
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adjective/phrase expressing striking quality of a person or thing "sun-bright topaz"
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euphemism
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mild or less negative usage for harsh or blunt term
"pass away" instead of "die" |
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ellipsis
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(...) indication of omissions of words in thought/quote
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elliptical construction
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sentence w/ deliberate omission of words "may was hot and june the same" was omitted from second clause
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empathy
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feeling of association/identification w/ object/person
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euphony
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pleasing, harmonious sounds
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exegesis
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detailed analysis/interpretation of work of prose/poetry
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expose
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piece of writing revealing weaknesses/faults/shortcomings
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explication
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interpretation/analysis of text
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extended metaphor
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series of comparison b/w two unlike objects
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fallacy, fallacious reasoning
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incorrect belief or supposition based on faulty data, defective evidence, false information
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farce
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comedy w/ extravagant/nonsensical disregard of seriousness, though may have serious, scornful purpose
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frame
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structure that provides premise/setting for narrative/other discourse.
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homily
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lecture or sermon on religious/moral theme meant to guide human behavior
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indirect quotation
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actualy words not stated but only approximated or paraphrased
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inductive reasoning
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method of reasoning in which a number of specific facts/examples used to make generalization
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inference
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conclusion/proposition arrived at by considering facts, observations, other data
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invective
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direct verbal assualt, denunciation, casting blame on someone or something
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irony
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mode of expressiong where intended meaning is opposity of what is stated, implying ridicule/light sarcasm, event reverse of what was expected
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lampoon
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mocking, satirical assault on person/situation
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litotes
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form of understatement where negative of contrary used to achieve emphasis/intensity
"he is not a bad dancer" |
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loose sentence
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follows customary word order (subject-verb-object), main idea first then other subordinate clauses
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malapropism
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confused use of words where appropriate word replaced by one w/ similar sound but inappropriate meaning
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maxim
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saying/proverb expressing common wisdom or truth
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melodrama
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literary form where events exaggerated in order to create extreme emotional response
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metonymy
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figure of speech uses name of one thing to represent something else it is associated w/ "the white house..."
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montage
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quick succession of images/impressions used to express an idea
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motif
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phrase, idea, event through repetition serves to unify/convey theme in essay or other
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non sequitur
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statement/idea fails to follow logically from one before
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oxymoron
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term w/ contradictory elements, juxtaposed for paradoxical effect "loud silence"
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parable
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story w/ events from which a moral/spiritual truth may be derived
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paradox
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statement that seems self-contradictory but is true
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parallel structure
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structure required for expressing two/more grammatical elements of = rank. good records, good interests, they should earn high scores--wrong
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parody
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imitation of work meant to ridicule style and subject
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pathetic fallacy
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faulty reasoning that inappropriately ascribes human feelings to nature/nonhuman objects
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pathos
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element in literature that stimulates pity/sorrow
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pedantic
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narrowly academic instead of broad and humane, excessively petty and meticulous
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periodic sentence
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departs from usual word order by expressing main thought only at end. support first, then idea
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persona
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role/facade that character assumes/depicts to reader/audience
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point of view
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relation in which narrator/speaker stands to a subject of discourse. matter discussed in first person (internal), observer (external)
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proverb
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short pithy statement of general truth, one that condenses common experience into memorable form
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pseudonym
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false name or alias used by writers
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pun
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humorous play on words, using similar sounding/ identical words to suggest different meanings
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rebuttal, refutation
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part of discourse where opposing arguments are anticipated/answered
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reiteration
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repetition of idea using different words, often for emphasis/other effect
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retraction
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withdrawal of previously stated idea/opinion
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rhetoric
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language of work and style, words, often highly emotional, used to convince/sway an audience
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rhetorical mode
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general term identifies discourse according to chief purpose. exposition, argumentation, description, narration
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rhetorical stance
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language conveys speaker's attitude/opinion w/ regard to particular subject
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satire
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literary style used to poke fun at, attack, ridicule idea, vice, foible, often for purpose of inducing change
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stream consciousness
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style writing where author tries to reproduce random flow of thoughts in human mind
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stylistic devices
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general term referring to diction, syntax, tone, figurative language, other elements contributing to style or manner of given piece
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subtext
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implied meaning underlying main meaning of essay or other work
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syllogism
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form of deductive reasoning where given certain ideas/facts, other ideas/facts must follow. "all men are mortal, mike is a man, therfore mike is mortal"
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synecdoche
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figure of speech where part signifies the wole or whole signifies part. or when name of material stands for thing itself.
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syntax
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organization of language into meaningful structure, every sentence has particular pattern of words
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verisimilitude
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similar to truth, quality of realism in work persuading readers that they are getting vision of life as it is
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voice
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real, assumed personality used by writer/speaker. grammar- active expresses action performed by subject. passive is action performed on subject
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whimsy
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object, device, creation that is fanciful or rooted in unreality
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apotheosis
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occurs when character/thing elevated to high status, appearing godlike
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appositive
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word/phrase follows noun/pronoun for emphasis/clarity (set off by commas)
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asyndeton
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occurs when conjunctions that would normally connect string of words are omitted from sentence
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ethos
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characteristic spirit or ideal that informs a work.
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juxtaposition
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two contrasting things are placed next to each other for comparison.
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logos
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use of reason as controlling principle in argument.
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pacing
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speed of story's action, dialogue, narration
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rhetorical (narrative) strategy
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way an author organizes words, sentences , and overall argument in order to achieve particular purpose.
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rhetorical (stylistic) devices
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specific language tools that author uses to carry out rhetorical strategy and achieve purpose for writing
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tension
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feeling of excitement and expectation the reader/audience feels b/c of conflict, mood, or atmosphere.
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texture
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way elements of work of prose/poetry joined together, suggesting association w/ style of author (rough or smooth)
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zeugma
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particular breech of sense in sentence. word used w/ two adjacent words in same construction, but only makes literal sense w/ one of them.
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