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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anatomical position |
Body erect, arms at side, palms forward. |
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Human survival depends on: |
Maintenance or restoration of homeostasis. |
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Element |
Atoms that are alike combine to form the next stage of matter. |
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A substance can be tested for acidity through the use of specially treated paper called: |
Litmus |
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Nucleoplasm |
Is a clear, semifluid medium that fills spaces around the chromatin and nucleoli. |
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Dysplasia |
Change to the size, shape, and organization of cells due to a stimulus. |
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Adipose tissue |
Stores fat as well as cushions, supports, and insulates the body. |
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Vitamin E |
Helps healing of tissues by acting as an antioxidant protector. |
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Basal cell carcinoma |
The most common and least malignant type of skin cancer |
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Best treatment for decubitis ulcers (bed sores) |
Prevention |
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Average growth in females continues to: |
18 yrs |
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Average growth in males continues to: |
20-21 yrs |
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Lumbar vertebrae |
Located in the back and bear most of the body's weight |
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The muscle system is responsible for: |
Body movement, body form or shape, and to maintain body heat |
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3 principal types of muscles: |
Skeletal muscles, smooth muscles, cardiac muscles |
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Cause of muscle fatigue: |
Buildup of lactic acid in the muscles |
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Prime mover |
The muscle responsible for action in a single direction |
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Muscles only do what? |
Pull. They NEVER push. |
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How many different muscles are in the body? |
Over 650 |
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Normal heartbeat rhythm: |
72 beats per minute |
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Muscle contractions may be: |
Isotonic or Isometric |
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Isotonic |
When muscles contract and shorten |
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Isometric |
When tension in the muscle increases but doesn't shorten. |
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Deltoid |
A thick, triangular muscle that covers the shoulder joint |
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Diaphragm |
A dome-shaped muscle separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities to help control breathing |
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Sensory neurons do what? |
Carry messages to the spinal cord and brain |
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What protects the brain? |
The bony cranial cavity, cerebrospinal fluid, and meninges |
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The brain stem consists of? |
The midbrain, pons, and medulla |
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Without oxygen, brain damage occurs within: |
4 to 8 minutes |
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The 3rd and 4th ventricles are interconnected via a narrow canal called: |
The cerebral aquaduct |
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How many major fissures divide the cerebral hemisphere? |
5 |
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The parietal lobe receives and interprets nerve impulses from the sensory receptors for: |
Pain, touch, heat, and cold |
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The diencephalon contains 2 major structures; |
The hypothalamus and the thalamus |
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The lateral hypothalamus is: |
The "feeding center", which is stimulated by hunger |
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Damage to the thalamus may result in: |
Increased sensitivity to pain or loss of consciousness |
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Hydrocephalus |
A condition that involves an increased volume of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles of the brain |
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Function of the olfactory nerves |
Smell |
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Reflex |
Simplest type of nervous response that is unconscious or involuntary |
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The nerves strongly influenced by emotion |
Sympathetic and parasympathetic |
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Carpal tunnel syndrome |
A condition that affects the median nerve and the flexor tendons that attach to the wrist bones |
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Nerve impulses travel to and from the brain at what rate? |
170 miles per hour |
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Electromyograph |
Diagnostic test for carpal tunnel syndrome |
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What nerve must you avoid in the sacral plexus when giving a gluteal intramuscular injection? |
The sciatic nerve |
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What controls reflex actions or autonomic reflexes? |
The spinal cord |
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The Sympathetic system is often referred to as what? |
The "fight or flight system". (fight, flight, or freeze) |
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Largest nerve in the body |
Sciatic nerve |
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An acute, viral, nerve infection that usually affects the intercostal nerves |
Shingles |
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The thin membrane that lines the eyelids and covers part of the eye: |
Conjunctiva |
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The number and size of melanin pigment cells in the iris relate to what? |
Eye color |
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The retina contains: |
pigment and specialized cells called rods and cones |
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The aqueous humor |
A water fluid in the anterior chamber of the eye |
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Receptor for hearing |
The organ of Corti |
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Otitis media |
An infection of the middle ear that usually causes an earache |
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Otosclerosis |
Common cause of deafness in young adults |
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A decrease in the number of olfactory neurons due to aging reduces the awareness of what? |
Odors |
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Presbyopia |
A condition in which the lenses lose their elasticity resulting in a decrease in ability to focus on close objects |
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The receptors in the taste buds send stimuli where? |
Through 3 cranial nerves to the cerebral cortex |
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The cochlear duct |
Fluid filled and vibrates when sound waves from stirrup bone strikes against it. |
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Endocrine glands |
Organized groups of tissues which use materials from the blood or lymph to make new new compounds called hormones. |
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The pituitary gland is made up of |
An anterior lobe and a posterior lobe |
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The thymus gland |
Is both an endocrine gland and a lymphatic organ |
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Luteinizing hormone (LH) |
A pituitary hormone that stimulates ovulation and formation of the corpus luteum |
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Type I diabetes mellitus: |
Must take insulin and monitor daily blood glucose levels |
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Type II diabetes mellitus: |
Makes up 90-95% of all diabetics |
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Normal blood sugar |
110mg or below of glucose per 100ml of blood |
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Melatonin |
Hormone produced by the pineal gland |
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Symptoms of hypothyroidism |
Dry and itchy skin, dry and brittle hair, constipation, muscle cramps at night |
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Hyperfunction |
Can lead to crystallization of calcium in the kidneys (kidney stones) |
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Albumin |
Product of the liver that helps maintain the blood's osmotic pressure and volume |
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Arteries |
Carry blood away from the heart |
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Veins |
Carry blood toward the heart |
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Hemolysis |
Rupture of red blood cells |
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Where are leukocytes manufactured? |
Red bone marrow and lymphatic tissue |
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Aplastic anemia |
A disease caused by the suppression of the bone marrow |
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Clotting time |
The time it takes for blood to clot. 5 to 15 minutes for humans. |
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Leukemia |
Cancerous or malignant condition where there's a great increase in white blood cells. |
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What disease might interfere with the clotting process? |
Severe liver disease |
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Why is type O blood considered universal donor? |
It has no antigens. |
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Phagocytosis |
A process that surrounds, engulfs, and digests harmful bacteria. |
