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112 Cards in this Set
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The republican and Whig ideologies that English colonists embraced by the mid-eighteenth century included all of the following tenets EXCEPT...
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power should be centralized within the monarchy.
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What ideologies did the republican and Whig English colonists embrace by the mid-eighteenth century (tenets)?
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*citizens should put the public good ahead of their self-interests.
*a functioning society is based on the virtue of its citizenry. *self-sufficiency, courage, and civic involvement are crucial for republican societies. *hierarchical governments breed corruption |
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Which of the following circumstances did NOT influence Americans' attitudes about rights and the nature of government by the 1750s?
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They universally embraced religious toleration
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What circumstances did influence Americans' attitudes about rights and the nature of government by the 1750s?
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*The aristocracy that was common in Britain never took hold in the colonies *Colonists had become accustomed to little interference from the crown. *The vast ocean expanse that distanced Britain from the colonies also weakened Britain's ability to exert its authority. *Property ownership and political participation were more easily accessible in the colonies. |
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Britain's relationship with its colonies was based on mercantilism, the theory that...
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wealth is power, and colonies could be used to enrich the mother country.
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The colonists detested the mercantilist system for all of these reasons
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*it kept them in a state of economic dependency. *Britain nullified any laws passed by colonial governments that interfered with the mercantilist system. *it restricted how American goods could be transported or sold *it required the colonies to buy certain goods only from Britain. |
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The colonists detested the mercantilist system for all of these reasons EXCEPT...
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it caused a currency surplus.
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in what ways did mercantilism benefit the colonists?
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Britain granted them certain trade monopolies and protected them militarily.
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To raise money to cover debts incurred in the Seven Years' War and to reassert its authority over its North American colonies, Britain passed of all of the following measures and enforced it EXCEPT the...
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Intolerable Act.
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To raise money to cover debts incurred in the Seven Years' War and to reassert its authority over its North American colonies, Britain passed of all of the following measures and enforced it
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*Navigation Acts. *Sugar Act *Quartering Act *Stamp Act. |
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Americans responded to Britain's many new taxes in the 1760s with the line, "No taxation without representation." What did this mean exactly?
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That only colonial legislatures could tax the colonies
*That Americans wanted to have representatives in Parliament before they would accept tax legislation passed there * |
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Which of these protests against the Stamp Act was most effective in ultimately securing its repeal?
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Nonimportation agreements
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British colonists were outraged by the Townshend Act for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
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it included a provision to close any colonial port that did not pay the duties.
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British colonists were outraged by the Townshend Act for all of the following reasons
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*it sought to skirt the issue of taxation by imposing "duties" instead.
*it taxed many of their favorite imported goods. *monies collected under the act would pay the salaries of royal officers. * it was yet another example of taxation without representation. |
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The Boston Massacre, which occurred on March 5, 1770, describes
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a standoff between colonists and redcoats that resulted in the deaths of eleven Bostonians.
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The Boston tea party? |
December 16, 1773
the dumping of 342 chests of imported tea and other goods into the Boston harbor.bostonians disguised as indians.there were 100 men. |
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What was the most significant role of the committees of correspondence?
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Organizing local letter-writing campaigns to fortify colonial resistance to British policies
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Why did tea become the focus of protests against British policies that ended with the Boston Tea Party in 1773?
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Tea touched the lives of colonists from every social class.
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The First Continental Congress met in 1774 principally to
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strategize ways to redress colonial grievances.
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Both Britain and Spain pressured their colonies with new taxes; but reaction to these policies led to a war for independence only among British colonies for all the following EXCEPT
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British colonists had established local militias from the earliest days of settlement.
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Both Britain and Spain pressured their colonies with new taxes; but reaction to these policies led to a war for independence only among British colonies for all the following reasons
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*Britain had rich and powerful enemies that colonists could tap for assistance. *Spanish colonies were far more ethnically and racially divided. *rights were a central component of British vs. Spanish notions of citizenship *British settlers were accustomed to more liberal local governments than those in Spain and its colonies. |
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battle of quebec |
*montreal fell in 1760 and so did the french flag *in 1759 *fench power thrown out of north america |
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william pitt |
*leader of London government in 1757. made Britain more strong.first expedition for battle was in 1758 against louisburg. |
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Pontiac Uprising |
led by Pontiac in 1763 with several tribes. Purpose-> to drive British out of Ohio county. Was brutal and were defeated |
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General Edward baddock |
Foraging scanty supplies from the reluctant colonies Set out with 2,000 men to capture fort duquesne He had European warfare experience Was from Britain |
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which of the following lists is chronologically accurate?
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Sugar Act 1764
Townshend act 1767 Boston Tea Party 1773 First Continental Congress 1774 |
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At the beginning of the Revolutionary War British Victory seemed certain because..... |
Britain boasted a professional Army of 50,000 men.
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Proclamation of 1763 |
*issused by london government * result of pontiac's rebellion *prohibited settlements beyond the appalatian mountains *designed to prevent another bloody eruption like the pontiac uprising. |
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Edict of nantes |
in 1598 granted limited toleration to french protestants and ended religious wars |
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Coureurs de bois |
*translates to "runners of the wood" *they were french fur trappers in canada *also known as Voyageurs *fur pelt was in demand |
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What another name for french fur trappers? |
voyageurs |
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What was the war of jenkins ear? |
in 1739 it was between british and spaniards in the caribbean see and georgia |
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King georges war? |
1744-1748 new england invaded new france merged with large scale war of Austrian succession |
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What was the french and indian war? |
started in america 1754-1763 widened into the 7 years' war. occurred in the sea too. |
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who was samuel de champian? |
explored close to newfoundland established french culture when he sailed up the st. Lawrence river. |
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Differences->English VS. Fur Trappers (agriculture,way of life) |
Engish: *used slaves on big plantations *never traveled to due to constant farming Fur Trappers: *relied on themselves and animals *were always on the run to fur trap |
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why were fur trappers and native americans alike? |
they had the same mentality. Ex:land belonged to evryone, no private or individual ownership,land open to anyone. they didn't depend on land. They had the same lifestyle. |
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Who were the voyageurs? |
were the french fur trappers/traders traveled by boat and land traveled to find beavers, used sails and canoes in rivers. |
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why were canoes used alot by these trappers? |
easier to navigate, light, can go thru small areas, does not sink. |
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why did french people travel upstream |
to fur trap |
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Who was george washington? |
first president a slaveholder he started off as a soldier in virginia |
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describe G.W. life, and early life... |
started off in the middle of wealthy and poor. initial years as a soldier want a success. dedicated soldier and good personality |
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what two rivers make up the ohio river? |
Monogahela and the Allegheny |
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Albany plan of union/Albany Congress |
*Franklin suggest all the colonist representatives forma union to protect themsleves from the french and foes
*Was in Albany New York |
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How did franklin get the colonies to join and how were the colonies befor they joined? |
Franklin told them-> "Join or Die"!! which means you join the union or die at the french's hands |
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why did many colonies join the union? |
because they had a commone enemy |
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how did franklin illustrate the Albany union? |
was a snake cut into pieces, because the colonies were not unified. |
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Battle fo Quebec |
between british and french most significant victory in 1759 it was over french, british take over |
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Pontiacts rebellion/uprising |
indian leader rebelled (pontiac) led to the proclamation of 1763 it was bloody |
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acadians |
from nova scotia british uprooted the french out of nova scotia in 1755 british scattered them around new orleans, Louisiana |
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What are Cajuns?
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are french speaking acadians
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American Revolution |
was a mass change of ideas and power was political revolution. America was the first to take out british of an area. |
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What did the americans who were involeved in teh american revoltion believe in? |
Egalitarianism which means a trend of thought that favors equality for all people. It maintain that all humans were equal in social status. So people who had power before war had power after war. |
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what does egalite mean? |
equality |
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Who were the sons of liberty/Daughters of liberty? and why was it formed? |
Patriotic groups. america actually recognised their women. Samuel adams was a member. protect the rights of the colonists and to fight taxation by the British government |
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what was the sugar act? |
in 1764 british raised tax revenues on colonist, making them pay more to the crown. paid more taxes to mother land america were restricted on trading |
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what was the quartering act? |
in 1765 colonies had to provide food and quarters/shelters for british troops. this caused colonists resentment to grow Some colonist refused to comply. |
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What was the stamp act? |
in 1765 put tax on stamps and required stamps to be put on paper, bills, playing cards, pamphlets, legal documents, and newspapers. Stamps were required on everything the used too. raised tax revenues to support british troops in battle. |
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why didnt americans like the stamp act? |
It caused them to pay taxes on things they used daily like paper. Americans were frustrated paying these taxes everyday. |
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What did britan say in return to americand on why they were paying these taxes? and what did americans say in response? |
they said"America is payign the troops for protected them." Americans said that they can protect themselves. |
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What is republicanism? |
where citizens can choose society or represntatives to make decision for them. It is a representative government based on sovereignty with emphasis on liberty. It was alternative to a monarchy. a society as one which all citizens willingly subordinated their private ,selfish interest to the common good. |
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How did republcliasnism work in the U.S.? |
people slected these representatives to make decisons for them, but evvery citizen plays an active role.In a society everyone hav to play a role. |
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what was soverignty mean? |
power to rule yourselves in your area. |
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what was civic virtue? |
meaning your vittue is not just for yourself, but for society too! in a society you have to play active role. |
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what was republicanism similar to and why? |
to greek society the greek had a democracy. everyone had to be involved in society. |
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what was the goal of republicansism and why did people choose it? |
to make sure everyone had tehir own property it was easier no many were educated-> so they couldn't make decisions so they elected representatives. |
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who is the representaive of hillside? |
Donald payne jr. ervy 6 years |
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senator of nj? |
corey booker and robert menendez every 6 years |
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Declaratory act |
parliament reappealed the stamp acts and lessed the tax in the suger acts, says that the parliament had the right to control theses colonies. |
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what caued the Declaratory act? |
the sons of liberty and daughter of liberty. |
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townshends act? |
charles townshends persuaded the parliament to pass it. in 1767 led to the massacre on march5th British started taxing more on things like tea,paint lead,and paper. |
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committee of correspondence |
were committes set up various colonies that made sure communication was mantained. there was tension in colonies and people needed to know about it. made communication easier. people from boston communicated with virginians. |
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how were people communicating before the C of C? |
by paper and it took forever |
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how was the south different from the north? |
in new england , they had thses town meetings with and active role in politics. it was teir tradtion with thses town meetings. in the south, there were no active roles, geography made it hard to travel and meet. south wee too spaced out and were independent. |
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why did colonist start rebelling(refer to boston tea party)` |
britan made it harder for them, america lost their monopoly on tea. |
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what were the intolerbale act,what did britan call it? |
america called it the intolerable acts and britan called it the coercive acts. this allowed british troops into peoples homes. British closed down boston ports restricted town meetings |
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what does coercive mean? |
forcing something on someone. |
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quebec act? |
in 1774 french were told where and where they cant go and what they can do. the french were able to practice their religion, culture and language. |
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First continential congress?` |
a group of carpenters who discussed colonial grivances, they boycotted british goods(nonimportation, nonexportation, nonconsumption) and united agianst britan opression. |
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wher did the First continential congress meet? and why was it called that? |
in philidelphia in carpener hall. it was called that because it the congress was filled with carpenters. the meetings were to protect carpenters |
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what word did the First continential congress not say outloud ? |
independence and freedom |
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what was the first action taken by the first continental congress? |
the creation of the association |
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what was the association? |
the FCC created this action to bring ppl together to boycot british goods. |
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describe Lexington and Concord and when was it? |
in april 1775. British were going to concord to where the american stored their gunpowder and arrest the rebel leaders and also take weaponry. the british went first to lexington;there was a battle known as the lexington massacre. |
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who decribed what happend in lexingtonand concord? |
paul revere |
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What was the battle in lexington known as around the world? and why were they called that? |
"the first shots heard around the world". called this because this was where the first deaths happened. |
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what did the event that happened in lexington do around the world? and what happened after in 1789? |
it inspired other nations. the french revolution broke out |
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how did the people in lexington and concord know the british were coming? |
paul revere ran to warn them. |
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what was the cause of lexington and concord? |
caused the american revolution |
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who was the military leader who took a bullet to the heart?(american side) |
Isaac Davis. |
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what were the british strengths? weakness? |
Strengths:strong army, better weapons, navy and were experienced:fought in europe and around the world. Weakness: took awhile to replenish weapons and because britain did know the area they were fighting on, it was their home land. |
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what were the americans advantage during lexington and concord? |
it their homeland, they knew the area better than the british. they had supporters |
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valley forge? location? |
was in pennsylvania where american militia men went. these men were naked and barefooted(2,800). |
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camp followers? |
made up of women and children, tehy accompanied the american army. they cooked and sewed for troops and inreturn they got money and rations. |
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who was Marquis de lafayette? |
wealthy young french noble man who was a major general in the colonies. his commission was based on recognition of his family influence and political connections. |
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King george III? |
a bad ruler who just wanted power. he attempted to assert the power of the british monarchy. |
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What kept France from exploring the New World until the late sixteenth century?
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Foreign wars and internal conflicts
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What decisions did French explorer Samuel de Champlain make that had long-term negative consequences for france’s conquest of the New World?
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He befriended the Huron Indians
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How did the government of the French colonies differ from that of the English colonies?
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The French colonies were run entirely by the crown
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Settlement of the French colonies in New Canada grew very slowly until 1750 for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
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Consumer demand for New France's main export, beaver skins, had dropped off considerably.
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Which of the following was NOT a principle motivation for French exploration of territory beyond New France in the eighteenth century?
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Difficulties with local native populaions
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After two wars for control of North Ameica, England and France signed a peace treaty in 1713.
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Acadia, Newfoundland, and Hudson Bay to the British
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All of the following Anglo-French colonial wars began in Europe EXCEPT
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the French and Indian War.
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How did George Washington start the global war in 1754 that would later come to be known as the Seven Years' War?
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Washington's men killed a French military leader on the outskirts of Fort Duquesne
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Promoted by the British to promote greater intercolonial unity and defense during the French and Indian War, the Albany congress failed in its attempts to establish colonial home rule because
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the colonists felt it did not offer enough independance |
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How did British leader William Pitt earn the nickname "Organizer for Victory"?
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He shifted the failing British military strategy toward Quebec and Montreal.
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The intercolonial disunity that prevailed during the French and Indian War was caused by all of the following conditions EXCEPT
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differences about the continuation of slavery.
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Colonists came away from their experiance in the French and Indian War feeling
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confident of their military might.
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What key strategic tool did the Indians lose as a result of the war's outcome and the Treaty of Paris?
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The ability to play rival European countries against each other
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The Proclamtion of 1763 (multiple choice question version)
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Prohibited colonists from settling beyond the Appalachians.
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In which of the following pairs is the second even a reuslt of the first... |
British triumph over pontiac's uprising-> the proclamtion of 1763 |
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why was the french and indian war a global war? |
hostilities between britan and france. |
