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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
agribusiness
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Commercial agriculture characterized by integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations
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agriculture
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The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain
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cereal grain
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A grass yielding grain for food
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chaff
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Husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing
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combine
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A machine that reaps, threshes, and cleans grain while moving over a field
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commercial agriculture
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Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm
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crop
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Grain of fruit gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season
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crop rotation
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The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil
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desertification
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Degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting
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double cropping
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Harvesting twice a year from the same field
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grain
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Seed of a cereal grass
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green revolution
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Rapid diffusion of new agriculture technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers
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horticulture
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The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers
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hull
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The outer covering of a seed
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intensive subsistence agriculture
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A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land
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milkshed
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The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied
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paddy
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Malay word for wet rice, commonly but incorrectly used to describe a sawah
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pastoral nomadism
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A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals
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pasture
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Grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals, as well as land used for grazing
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plantation
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A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country
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prime agricultural land
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The most productive farmland
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ranching
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A for of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area
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reaper
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A machine that cuts grain standing in the field
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ridge tillage
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System of planting crops on ridge tops, in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation
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sawah
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A flooded field for growing rice
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seed agriculture
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Reproduction of plants through annual introduction of seeds, which result from sexual fertilization
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slash-and-burn agriculture
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Another name for shifting cultivation, so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris
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shifting cultivation
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A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period
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spring wheat
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Wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the summer
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subsistence agriculture
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Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer's family
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sustainable agriculture
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The level of development that can be maintained in a country without depleting resources to the extent that future generations will be unable to achieve a comparable level of development
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swidden
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A patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning
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thresh
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To beat out grain from stalks by trampling it
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transhumance
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The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures
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truck farming
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Commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named because truck was a Middle English word meaning bartering or the exchange of commodities
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vegetative planting
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Reproduction of plants by direct cloning from existing plants
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wet rice
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Rice planted on dryland in a nursery, then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth
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winnow
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To remove chaff by allowing it to be blown away by the wind
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winter wheat
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Wheat planted in the fall and harvested in the early summer
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