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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The Lymphatic system
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Right Lymphatic duct Thoracic duct Cisterna chyli Lymphatic collecting vessels Cervical nodes Axillary nodes Inquial nodes |
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Adjacent cells in lymphatic capillaries overlap each other loosely. What is the unique structural modification that increases their permeability?
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minivalves
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Which of the following promotes closure of the minivalves associated with lymph capillaries?
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increasing pressure inside the lymph capillary
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Lymph from the right leg ultimately is delivered to which duct in the thoracic region?
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thoracic duct
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What is the name of the enlarged sac to which the lumbar trunks and the intestinal trunk return lymph?
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cisterna chyli
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Once collected, lymph ultimately drains into __________.
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venous circulation
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The filtration of lymph and activation of the immune system are the two basic functions of the __________.
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lymph nodes
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What region of the lymph node contains follicles filled with dividing B cells?
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cortex
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Which of the following is a role of lymph nodes?
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They filter lymph
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Lymph arrives at the lymph nodes via afferent lymphatic vessels.
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True
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Which lymphoid organ is primarily active during the early years of life?
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The thymus
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Which of these lymphoid organs is part of a collection of tissues called the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT) and removes pathogens entering the pharynx (throat)?
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The tonsils
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Which part of the spleen is the site of immune function?
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white pulp
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Which tonsil is located in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx and is referred to as the adenoids if it is enlarged?
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pharyngeal tonsil
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Peyer's patches are mucosa-associated lymph tissue located in the __________.
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wall of the small intestine
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Which lymphoid organ(s) serve(s) as the site where B lymphocytes become immunocompetent B cells?
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red bone marrow
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Which of the following provides a first line of defense against pathogens?
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intact skin and mucous membranes
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Which letter represents the formation of a phagolysosome resulting from the fusion of a lysosome with the phagocytic vesicle?
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The lysosome fuses with the phagocytic vesicle, forming a phagolysosome. By this point, the phagocyte has already adhered to the pathogen.
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With what does our immune system coat pathogens to facilitate their capture and accelerate phagocytosis?
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opsonins
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Four (or five) cardinal signs indicate inflammation. What specific sign of inflammation is the result of exudate in the tissue spaces?
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edema (swelling)
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Which of the following inflammatory chemicals is/are released by mast cells?
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histamine
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What characterizes the chemotaxis phase of phagocyte mobilization?
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Neutrophils and other WBCs migrate up the gradient of chemotactic agents to the site of injury.
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How do interferons protect against viral infection in healthy cells?
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Interferons block viral reproduction in healthy cells through the production of antiviral proteins.
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Which of the following is an effect of complement activation?
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opsonization
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How does a lymphocyte exhibit immunocompetence?
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by being able to recognize their one specific antigen
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T cells achieve self-tolerance in the __________.
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thymus
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Which of the following statements does NOT describe the adaptive immune response?
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It occurs immediately after the body is challenged by foreign material.
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Which of the following are properly matched?
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IgG: most abundant antibody
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Which of the following activate CD8 cells?
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antigen fragments on class I MHC proteins
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What type of T cell can directly attack and kill other cells, such as virus-infected cells?
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cytotoxic T (TC) cells
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Which of the following are NOT appropriately matched?
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helper T cells: destroy infected cells
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What types of antigen do T cells NOT recognize?
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self-antigens
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Which of the following are NOT correctly matched?
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immediate hypersensitivity: allergic contact dermatitis
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Tears and mucus membranes would be a part of which defense system?
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innate external defenses
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Phagocytotic cells such as macrophages identify a variety of enemies by recognizing markers unique to pathogens. They would be classified as which type of defense system?
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innate internal defenses
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What cells make antibodies?
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plasma B cells
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What is the name of the unique area (specific region) that a lymphocyte recognizes and binds to?
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an antigenic determinant
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What type of immunity can be transferred by bodily fluids from one person to another, thus conferring immunity to the recipient?
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humoral immunity
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If a virus attacks a cell, which type of immunity would be activated?
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cell-mediated immunity (cellular immunity)
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Cancer cells would be attacked by which of the following cells?
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Cytotoxic T cells
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