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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Consciousness
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Our awareness of ourselves and our environment.
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Biological Rhythms
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Periodic physiological fluctuations.
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Circadian Rhythm
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The biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle.
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REM Sleep
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Rapid Eye Movement Sleep, a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also know as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active.
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Alpha Waves
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The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state
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Sleep
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Periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness - as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation.
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Hallucinations
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False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus.
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Delta Waves
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The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep.
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Insomnia
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Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep.
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Narcolepsy
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A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.
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Sleep Apnea
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A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and consequent momentary reawakenings.
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Night Terrors
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A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered.
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Dream
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Sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping persons mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamers delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it.
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Manifest Content
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According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent content).
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Latent Content
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According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream ( as distinct from its manifest content). Freud beleived that a dreams latent content functions as a safety valve.
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REM Rebound
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The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep).
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Hypnosis
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A social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggest to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur.
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Posthypnotic Amnesia
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Supposed inability to recall what one experienced during hypnosis; induced by hypnotist's suggestion.
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Posthypnotic Suggestion
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A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors.
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Dissociation
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A split in conciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others.
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Hidden Observer
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Hilgards term describing a hypnotized subjects awareness of experiences, such as pain, that go unreported during hypnosis.
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Psychoactive Drug
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A chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood.
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Tolerance
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The diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger does to experiencing the drug's effect.
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Withdrawal
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The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug.
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Physical Dependence
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A physiological need to use a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued.
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Psychological Dependence
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A psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions.
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Depressants
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Drugs (such as alcohol, barbituates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions.
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Stimulants
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Drugs (caffenine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines and cocaine) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions
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Hallucinogens
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Psychedelic ("mind-manifesting") drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.
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Barbiturates
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Drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment.
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Opiates
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Opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety.
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Amphetamines
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Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes.
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Ecstacy (MDMA)
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A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition.
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LSD
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Powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid.
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THC
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the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations.
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near-death experience
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an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations.
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dualism
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the presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact
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monism
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the presumption that mind and body are different aspects of the same thing
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